Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
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Envenomation syndromes induced by Atlantic cnidaria have been tabulated and their therapy discussed. The pharmacokinetics of the venom has been emphasized. Pain occurs instantly and reaches a zenith rapidly in the surf. ⋯ Antivenoms for Atlantic cnidaria are not available. The instances when verapamil might be employed are very rare. The reasons for the increasing case load of these injuries are discussed and the need to discover more effective therapeutic agents is emphasized.