Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe impact of positive end-expiratory pressure on functional residual capacity and ventilation homogeneity impairment in anesthetized children exposed to high levels of inspired oxygen.
High fractions of inspired oxygen (Fio2) result in resorption atelectasis shortly after their application. However, the impact of different levels of Fio2 and their interaction with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on functional residual capacity (FRC) and ventilation distribution is unknown in anesthetized children. We hypothesized that the use of a Fio2 of 1.0 results in a decrease of FRC and ventilation homogeneity compared with that of a Fio2 of 0.3, and that this decrease is prevented by PEEP of 6-cm H2O compared to a PEEP of 3-cm H2O. ⋯ During the application of a very low PEEP of 3-cm H2O, FRC and ventilation distribution decreased significantly at an Fio2 of 1.0 compared with that at an Fio2 of 0.3. This decrease could be counterbalanced by the administration of PEEP of 6-cm H2O, indicating that a low level of PEEP is sufficient to maintain FRC and ventilation distribution regardless of the oxygen concentration.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyMultimodal analgesia to prevent propofol-induced pain: pretreatment with remifentanil and lidocaine versus remifentanil or lidocaine alone.
Propofol is well-known for its pain on injection. Premixture with lidocaine or pretreatment with remifentanil reduces injection pain. A multimodal approach might offer additional mitigation of propofol injection pain. ⋯ The combination of two different analgesic modalities, remifentanil and lidocaine completely abolishes moderate and severe pain associated with propofol injection, and significantly reduces the incidence of mild pain when compared with each drug used alone.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyModulation of remifentanil-induced postinfusion hyperalgesia by propofol.
Experimental and clinical studies suggest that brief opioid exposure can enhance pain sensitivity. During anesthesia, however, opioids are commonly administered in combination with either IV or inhaled hypnotic drugs. In this investigation we sought to determine the analgesic and antihyperalgesic properties of propofol in subhypnotic concentrations on remifentanil-induced postinfusion hypersensitivity in an experimental human pain model. ⋯ The results suggest clinically relevant interactions of propofol and remifentanil in humans, since propofol led to a delay and a weakening of remifentanil-induced postinfusion anti-analgesia in humans. Nevertheless, pronociceptive effects were not completely antagonized by propofol, which may account for the increased demand for analgesics after remifentanil-based anesthesia in clinical practice.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe influence of neck flexion and extension on the distribution of contrast medium in the high thoracic epidural space.
For safe and effective thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA), it is important to control the level of TEA and to identify factors that influence its spread. In this study, we observed the distribution of contrast injected into the high thoracic epidural space during neck flexion and extension. ⋯ Cranial spread of contrast in the high thoracic epidural space is limited. However, neck flexion increases cranial spread. These results suggest that when TEA is high, the tip of the epidural catheter should be located at the upper part of the level to be blocked and that neck flexion may cause an unwanted cervical block.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2007
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyAn evaluation of a single dose of magnesium to supplement analgesia after ambulatory surgery: randomized controlled trial.
Previous studies have suggested that magnesium may be a useful adjuvant to postoperative analgesia. ⋯ In patients undergoing ambulatory ilioinguinal hernia repair or varicose vein operations under general anesthesia supplemented with other analgesic adjuvants, pretreatment with IV magnesium sulfate 4 g has no impact on postoperative pain and analgesic consumption.