European journal of clinical investigation
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Jul 2022
ReviewThe role of microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most frequent liver disease worldwide. Gut microbiota can play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD since dysbiosis is associated with reduced bacterial diversity, altered Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, a relative abundance of alcohol-producing bacteria, or other specific genera. Changes can promote disrupted intestinal barrier and hyperpermeability, filtration of bacterial products, activation of the immune system, and pro-inflammatory changes in the intestine, in the liver, and at a systemic level. ⋯ The link between gut dysbiosis and NAFLD, however, is confused by several factors which include age, BMI, comorbidities, dietary components, and lifestyle. The role of toxic chemicals in food and water requires further studies in both gut dysbiosis and NAFLD. We can anticipate that gut microbiota manipulation will represent a potential therapeutic tool to delay or reverse the progression of NAFLD, paving the way to primary prevention measures.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Jul 2022
Impaired fibrin clot lysis is associated with increased mortality in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting: a long-term follow-up study.
Mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is primarily thromboembolic by nature. We investigated whether impaired fibrinolysis observed in cardiovascular diseases is associated with long-term mortality following CABG. ⋯ In this study, we showed that reduced fibrin clot susceptibility to fibrinolysis is weekly associated with long-term mortality in advanced CAD.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Jul 2022
"Obesities": Position Statement on a complex disease entity with multifaceted drivers.
Academic medicine fosters research that moves from discovery to translation, at the same time as promoting education of the next generation of professionals. In the field of obesity, the supposed integration of knowledge, discovery and translation research to clinical care is being particularly hampered. ⋯ The individual's genotype, adipotype, enterotype and microbiota interplays with macronutrient intake, appetite, metabolism and thermogenesis. Further investigations based on the concept of differently diagnosed "obesities" are required.
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Eur. J. Clin. Invest. · Jul 2022
Clinical TrialEffect of a PCSK9 Inhibitor and a Statin on Cholesterol Efflux Capacity: a Limitation of Current Cholesterol-Lowering Treatments?
Cellular cholesterol efflux is a key step in reverse cholesterol transport that may impact on atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk. The process may be reliant on the availability of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100-containing lipoproteins to accept cholesterol from high-density lipoprotein. Evolocumab and atorvastatin are known to lower plasma apoB-100-containing lipoproteins that could impact on cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). ⋯ In normolipidaemic men, evolocumab and atorvastatin decrease the capacity of whole plasma to efflux cellular cholesterol. These effects may be chiefly owing to a fall in the availability of apoB-100-containing lipoproteins. Reduction in circulating lipoprotein(a) may also contribute to the decrease in whole plasma cholesterol efflux with evolocumab monotherapy.