Medicine
-
Case Reports
Clinicopathological features of early stage gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type: Case series.
Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type (GA-FG) is characterized by a well-differentiated neoplasm. More than 100 cases have been reported, but only a few cases have been described in China. Therefore, its clinicopathological characteristics need to be investigated further. Herein, we report five cases and briefly review the relevant literature. ⋯ We present five cases of well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma that mimicked the fundic glands. Cell differentiation by MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, pepsinogen-I, and H+/K+-ATPase. Immunohistochemical findings in GA-FG suggested differentiation of the fundic glands. In addition, it has a low proliferation. p53 and Her-2 were negative, and β-catenin was positive in the cytoplasm, indicating that the pathogenesis of this tumor was different from that of traditional intestinal and diffuse gastric carcinomas. In summary, this neoplasm is rare and unusual. To better understand this issue, similar cases should be monitored in the future.
-
Myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) is an extremely rare tumor of the salivary gland and it arises from undifferentiated pluripotent mesenchymal cells. We report a rare case of a primary MLS in the parotid gland. ⋯ In this report, we report a rare case of primary MLS mimicking a cystic lesion of the parotid gland.
-
Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab, which is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), has improved survival in bladder cancer. We report a case of bladder cancer that had a high antitumor effect with anti-programmed cell death PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab, an ICI, but asthma occurred an immune-related adverse event (irAE). ⋯ Increases in CTLA-4 and TIM-3 expression in CD4+ T cells (not CD8+), as well as an increase in Th17 cells, may reflect asthma-related inflammation activity. Immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitor administration may be predictive markers of antitumor efficacy.
-
The value of protocol liver graft biopsies with good liver function was evaluated in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) or primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). A total of 250 protocol liver biopsy reports from 182 PSC and PBC patients were compared. Overall histopathological findings and those leading to changes in immunosuppression therapy were retrospectively analyzed. ⋯ Mild histopathological findings were frequently found in the protocol biopsies despite the normal biochemistry. PBC patients had more histological abnormalities than those transplanted due to PSC; however, PBC patients had longer follow-up times. Immunosuppression therapy could be safely increased or decreased according to protocol biopsy findings after multidisciplinary meeting discussions.
-
Volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a novel treatment strategy that protects normal tissues and enhances target volume coverage during radiotherapy. This study aimed to clarify whether VMAT is superior to intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in treatment planning for left-sided breast cancer patients after modified radical mastectomy. Left-sided breast cancer patients treated with modified radical mastectomy were eligible for analysis. ⋯ In addition, both the mean number of monitor units and treatment time were significantly reduced when VMAT was compared with IMRT. VMAT plans was equivalent or superior to IMRT plans in dose distribution, and was associated with slightly advantage in sparing of the heart and coronary arteries. Our analyses suggested VMAT as a preferred option in left-sided breast cancer patients treated with modified radical mastectomy.