Medicine
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Meta Analysis
Evaluation of problem-based learning for pharmacology based on a comprehensive analysis in undergraduate students.
Problem-based learning (PBL) has been widely employed in pharmacology teaching. However, the benefits of PBL for undergraduate students have not been clearly demonstrated. We performed a meta-analysis to compare the effects of PBL and lecture-based learning (LBL) in undergraduate pharmacology education. ⋯ The current evidence indicates that PBL is more effective than LBL in improving examination scores and student satisfaction in undergraduate pharmacology education.
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The value of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in gastrectomy remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the predictive value of PNI in patients undergoing gastrectomy for malignancy. ⋯ PNI was significantly associated with survival and postoperative complications of gastric cancer patients undergoing gastrectomy. Therefore PNI has the potential to be a prognostic predictor for gastrectomy.
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition affecting a significant proportion of the adult population. Despite the availability of pharmacological treatments, their long-term efficacy and potential side effects necessitate exploring alternative interventions. Aerobic exercise has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological approach for managing anxiety symptoms in individuals with GAD. ⋯ It highlights the implications of these findings for clinical practice, public health initiatives, and future research directions. Despite the promising evidence, limitations in study methodologies and heterogeneity across interventions warrant a cautious interpretation of the results. Further research is needed to elucidate optimal exercise modalities, dosages, and long-term effects on anxiety outcomes.
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The challenge of developing comprehensive mathematical models for guiding public health initiatives in disease control is varied. Creating complex models is essential to understanding the mechanics of the spread of infectious diseases. We reviewed papers that synthesized various mathematical models and analytical methods applied in epidemiological studies with a focus on infectious diseases such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2, Ebola, Dengue, and Monkeypox. ⋯ This study underlines the impact of public health measures and the critical importance of spatial modeling in detecting transmission zones and informing targeted interventions. The results highlight the need for ongoing financing for research, especially beyond the coronavirus, and address the difficulties in converting analytically complicated findings into practical public health recommendations. Overall, this review emphasizes that further research and innovation in these areas are crucial for addressing ongoing and future public health challenges.
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) is widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for its significant hypoglycemic effect, weight loss and small side effects. Some studies have shown that GLP-1RA has an inhibitory effect on prostate cancer, and its application will produce adverse effects associated with an increased or decreased risk of some tumors. GLP-1R is widely expressed by various types of cells and tissues in the human body, so GLP-1RA has attracted wide clinical attention to the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors, which brings more new directions and hopes for the treatment of prostate cancer. This paper describes the expression of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in prostate cancer and the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) on prostate cancer.