Medicine
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Review Case Reports
Amoxicillin-associated hemorrhagic colitis: A case report and literature review.
Antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis (AAHC) is a special type of antibiotic-associated colitis. Due to the increased use of antibiotics, especially amoxicillin, which is commonly used in clinical practice, the incidence of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis has also increased. However, doctors have insufficient understanding of this disease, and patients may be missed or misdiagnosed. ⋯ Through this case report, doctors should increase their understanding of the disease, especially for patients with sudden abdominal pain accompanied by bloody stools as the main complaint, it is significant to attend to inquiries about the history of antibiotic use, such as amoxicillin, and pay attention to the discovery of acid-producing Klebsiella in the fecal microbiota.
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Review Case Reports
Liver cirrhosis complicated with pulmonary Nocardia infection: A case report and literature review.
Nocardia is a conditionally pathogenic bacterium found in the natural environment and is an aerobic bacterium, which causes severe pneumonia relatively rarely. The diagnosis of primary Nocardia infection is always made late due to the nonspecific clinical presentation of patients with Nocardia infection and the time required for Nocardia culture. Due to its rarity and nonspecific clinical presentation, patient survival is often compromised due to misdiagnosis. ⋯ In our report, patients with underlying disease are immunocompromised and at increased risk of infection with conditionally pathogenic bacteria. Nocardia has no specific presentation and is often overlooked clinically. Treatment of these patients should not be limited to common bacteria or viruses, but should consider rare opportunistic pathogens, and we need to be vigilant for Nocardia infections and timely use of sulfonamide antibiotics to reduce mortality.
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Breast cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, necessitating the identification of reliable prognostic markers to guide treatment and improve patient outcomes. Recent research has highlighted the prognostic significance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer, with high levels of TILs being associated with improved survival rates and better responses to therapy. This review delves into the mechanisms driving lymphocyte infiltration, its clinical implications, and the potential for TILs to serve as predictive biomarkers in breast cancer management. ⋯ Therapeutically, the role of TILs has opened new avenues in breast cancer treatment, particularly in the realm of immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, and combination therapies leveraging TILs are being explored to enhance antitumor responses. As research progresses, the integration of TIL assessment into routine clinical practice could revolutionize personalized treatment strategies, ultimately improving prognostic accuracy and patient outcomes in breast cancer care.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Evaluation of risk factors for postpartum cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, a multicenter retrospective observational study.
The postpartum period is a well-defined risk factor for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). However, it is unclear which patients are at risk for CVST in the postpartum period. Thus, determining some CVST risk factors in postpartum patients may be useful for preventing the disorder in this population. ⋯ Women with PE who had recently delivered were found to be at increased risk of developing CVST. The primary limitation of this study is that it was retrospective, and the control group was hospital-based. We recommend that these findings be confirmed by multicenter prospective international studies.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Association between oral loop diuretics duration before discharge and hospital readmission in acute decompensated heart failure: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.
There are uncertainties when to start patients on oral loop diuretics after managing acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) before discharge. This study aims to investigate the impact of prolonging observation duration on hospital readmissions following the switch to oral loop diuretics before discharge in patients with ADHF. A multicenter retrospective study that included adult patients (>18 years) diagnosed with ADHF and discharged on oral loop diuretics in Saudi Arabia. ⋯ ADHF patients with <24 hours observation durations were significantly associated with higher all-cause 30-day readmissions compared to those with ≥24 hours observations (odds ratio = 1.83, 95% confidence interval = 1.11-3.02, P = .017). Our study showed a significant decrease in all-cause 30-day readmissions for ADHF patients who received oral loop diuretics at discharge with a longer duration of observation. This study emphasizes the significance of standardizing the observational period when initiating oral loop diuretics before discharge following admission to ADHF.