Medicine
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Review
Advances in the use of chlorhexidine for periodontitis treatment in diabetic patients: A review.
Periodontitis and diabetes mellitus exhibit a bidirectional relationship. This narrative review descriptively outlines the role of chlorhexidine in the periodontal treatment of diabetic patients, focusing on its antimicrobial mechanisms against microbial communities and its antiplaque effects. ⋯ Additionally, the effectiveness of chlorhexidine as an adjunctive chemotherapeutic in the periodontal treatment of gestational diabetes has not yet been studied, highlighting a gap in research that necessitates further prospective studies and randomized controlled trials. Considering the interconnection between periodontal inflammation and glycemic levels, this article finally advocates for collaborative care between dental and medical professionals to manage periodontitis in diabetic patients effectively.
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In the present review, we aimed to synthesize evidence from studies on the safety and effectiveness of prophylactic blood transfusion in pregnant women with sickle cell disease. ⋯ The present meta-analysis indicated that prophylactic blood transfusion in pregnant women with sickle cell disease may improve maternal and fetal outcomes. However, substantial variations in the methodology and transfusion protocols among the included studies limited the credibility of the current evidence supporting the routine clinical use of prophylactic transfusion for SCD during pregnancy.
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Maternal health remains a global priority, with particular emphasis on combating infectious diseases such as HIV and malaria during pregnancy. Despite significant progress in prevention and treatment efforts, both HIV and malaria continue to pose significant risks to maternal and fetal well-being, particularly in resource-limited settings. The prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs for HIV and intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) for malaria represent cornerstone strategies in mitigating the impact of these infections on pregnancy outcomes. ⋯ Strengthening health systems, improving access to antenatal care services, and enhancing community engagement are essential components of comprehensive maternal health strategies. Furthermore, promoting awareness, education, and empowerment of pregnant women and communities are vital in fostering health-seeking behaviors and adherence to preventive measures against HIV and malaria. In conclusion, protecting maternal health from the dual threat of HIV and malaria requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses prevention, screening, treatment, and community engagement.
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Although the traditional Escherichia coli expression system has matured and is cost-effective, the posttranslation modifications of proteins expressed in eukaryotic cells differ significantly from those expressed in E coli. Insect cells have gradually entered the realm of researchers; however, the proteins synthesized by insect cells are somewhat different from those of mammals in terms of modification. ⋯ MultiBac technology is poised to become a key tool in unlocking the mysteries of the protein world, propelling the life sciences ever forward. But researchers should consider its limitations when selecting the most appropriate expression system for their specific needs.
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Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin S (HbS), leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells and various complications, including increased susceptibility to infections. The presence of antigenic peptides, short amino acid sequences derived from pathogens or altered self-proteins, plays a crucial role in immune responses. This review explores the global awareness of antigenic peptides, their role in immune responses in SCA patients, and the challenges and opportunities in managing infections within this vulnerable population. ⋯ Strategies such as vaccination and immunotherapy aim to enhance immune function by targeting specific antigenic peptides, thereby reducing infection rates and improving patient outcomes. Advances in genomics and proteomics offer insights into individual variations in antigen presentation and immune responses, guiding the development of tailored therapeutic interventions. Global collaborations are essential to address disparities in healthcare access and implement effective preventive measures, ensuring equitable outcomes for SCA patients worldwide.