Medicine
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Review Case Reports
Bacterial spinal epidural abscess. Review of 43 cases and literature survey.
We have reviewed our experience with 43 cases of bacterial spinal epidural abscess, as well as previously reported series of cases. We found a striking male predominance of the disease, accounting for 86% of cases. Most patients had some underlying conditions that predisposed to infection, a prior infection at a distant site, or an abnormality or trauma to the spine. ⋯ Plain roentgenograms and nuclear scans contributed little useful information that was not already available from other radiographic procedures. Surgical drainage together with antibiotics was the treatment of choice; 35 of our 43 patients underwent operative intervention. The preoperative status clearly predicted the final neurologic outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Review Case Reports
Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis in the United States. Report of 7 cases and review of the literature.
Although hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a common complication of hyperthyroidism among Asian populations, it is an uncommon problem in the United States. The recent experience in an American medical center with 7 patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is reviewed. Compared to most descriptions of this disorder, which tend to reflect the international experience with this disease, patients with TPP in the United States reflect the ethnic makeup of the local population: the predisposition of patients of Asian origin is very evident, but whites are more frequently affected than most previous reports have recognized. ⋯ The pathophysiology of the disorder is not well understood. Definitive treatment of hyperthyroidism leads to cessation of periodic hypokalemic paralysis, but symptoms can return with recurrence of the hyperthyroid condition. Potassium administration during an acute attack will shorten the duration of the episode, and treatment with propranolol, potassium supplementation, or spironolactone may prevent attacks in some patients.
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Case Reports
Anti-Hu--associated paraneoplastic encephalomyelitis/sensory neuronopathy. A clinical study of 71 patients.
We studied 71 patients with "paraneoplastic" encephalomyelitis, sensory neuronopathy, or both associated with the presence of the anti-Hu antibody in their serum. Most (78%) had small-cell lung cancer. In 9 patients no tumor was detected. ⋯ Autonomic and respiratory failure, either of central origin or secondary to neuromuscular weakness, were the principal causes of death. Patients with rapidly developing sensory neuropathy or symptoms of encephalomyelitis should be studied for the presence of the anti-Hu antibody; if the antibody is found, the possibility of small-cell lung cancer should be investigated. If a tumor is not found in the initial search, one may become evident in several months.
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The IIM are a heterogeneous group of systemic rheumatic diseases which share the common features of chronic muscle weakness and mononuclear cell infiltrates in muscle. A number of classification schemes have been proposed for them, but none takes into consideration the marked immunologic, clinical, and genetic heterogeneity of the various clinical groups. We compared the usefulness of myositis-specific autoantibodies (anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2 and anti-MAS) to the standard clinical categories (polymyositis, dermatomyositis, overlap myositis, cancer-associated myositis, and inclusion body myositis) in predicting clinical signs and symptoms, HLA types, and prognosis in 212 adult IIM patients. ⋯ These findings suggest that myositis-specific autoantibody status is a more useful guide than clinical group in assessing patients with myositis, and that specific associations of immunogenetics, immune responses, and clinical manifestations occur in IIM. Thus the myositis-specific autoantibodies aid in interpreting the diverse symptoms and signs of myositis patients and in predicting their clinical course and prognosis. We propose, therefore, that an adjunct classification of the IIM, based on the myositis-specific autoantibody status, be incorporated into future studies of their epidemiology, etiology, and therapy.
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Review Case Reports
Purpura fulminans and symmetrical peripheral gangrene caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus (formerly DF-2) septicemia--a complication of dog bite.
We review the syndrome of Capnocytophaga canimorsus (DF-2) septicemia after exposure to dogs or cats. We describe a previously healthy patient who developed diffuse intravascular coagulation and symmetrical peripheral gangrene as a result of C. canimorsus septicemia after a dog bite. To our knowledge, this patient was the first to receive combined plasmapheresis and leukapheresis for C. canimorsus septicemia. ⋯ Other complications include arthritis, meningitis, and endocarditis. These manifestations can also be found in previously healthy patients, although a prior splenectomy or other causes of impaired host defense clearly enhance the risk. Prompt treatment with penicillin G is required.