Medicine
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Comparative Study
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with monoclonal gammopathy: a single-center study of 36 patients.
In this single-center retrospective study, we evaluated the accuracy of laboratory tests in diagnosing acquired von Willebrand syndrome associated with lymphoproliferative disorders in 36 consecutive patients diagnosed at the University Hospital of Nantes, France. We also compared hemostatic treatments in the following groups: 21 patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), 14 with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) (10 with IgG-MGUS and 4 with IgM-MGUS), and 1 with IgA multiple myeloma (IgA-MM). The diagnosis was made in 18 (50%) patients during systematic screening, in 6 (17%) during active mild hemorrhage, and in 12 (33%) during an active, severe bleed. ⋯ Desmopressin infusions were effective in 3 patients with IgG-MGUS and 2 patients with IgM-MGUS when the baseline values were above 10 IU/dL, but levels soon returned to the baseline. The 7 WM patients had a good response to desmopressin. These results confirm the efficacy of IVIg in IgG-MGUS patients and the prominent role of closure time in the diagnosis of acquired von Willebrand syndrome.
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Comparative Study
Toxocara canis myelitis: clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and treatment outcome in 17 patients.
Toxocara myelitis is a rare disease. Few cases have been reported in the literature. Patients present with myelopathy, occasional eosinophilia in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), with abnormal signals on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ⋯ Treatment with albendazole, with or without steroids, resulted in marked neurologic improvement and normalization of the MRI in all patients. The finding of a single inflammatory MRI lesion in the spinal cord with positive Toxocara canis serology in the blood and CSF in cases of subacute or chronic myelitis suggests the diagnosis of Toxocara myelitis, irrespective of the presence of eosinophilia. Antihelminthic treatment is associated with a good outcome.
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Review Multicenter Study Meta Analysis
Preventing Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and sepsis in patients with Staphylococcus aureus colonization of intravascular catheters: a retrospective multicenter study and meta-analysis.
Two previous studies in tertiary care hospitals identified Staphylococcus aureus colonization of intravascular (IV) catheters as a strong predictor of subsequent S. aureus bacteremia (SAB), even in the absence of clinical signs of systemic infection. Bacteremia was effectively prevented by timely antibiotic therapy. We conducted this study to corroborate the validity of these findings in non-university hospitals. ⋯ In the meta-analysis of these studies, antibiotic therapy yielded an absolute risk reduction of 13.6% for subsequent SAB. The number needed to treat to prevent 1 episode of SAB was 7.4. We conclude that early initiation of antibiotic therapy for IV catheters colonized with S. aureus prevents subsequent SAB.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Multiple-valve infective endocarditis: clinical, microbiologic, echocardiographic, and prognostic profile.
Whether infection in more than 1 valve worsens the prognosis for endocarditis remains untested. We conducted the current study to determine the profile of multiple-valve endocarditis, compare multiple-valve endocarditis with single-valve endocarditis, and determine predictors of outcome. We conducted a prospective and observational study including 680 episodes of infective endocarditis consecutively diagnosed at 3 tertiary centers. ⋯ In conclusion, multiple-valve endocarditis has a poor clinical course. Mortality is similar to that of single-valve endocarditis, probably in relation with aggressive therapy including surgery in many patients. Heart failure and persistent infection are independent predictors of death.
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We performed an observational analysis of a prospective cohort of nonimmunocompromised hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcomes of patients with liver cirrhosis. We also analyzed the prognostic value of several severity scores. Of 3420 CAP episodes, 90 occurred in patients with liver cirrhosis. ⋯ In conclusion, CAP in patients with liver cirrhosis presents a distinctive clinical picture and is associated with higher mortality than is found in patients without cirrhosis. The severity of hepatic dysfunction plays an important role in the development of adverse events. Cirrhosis-specific scores may be useful for predicting and stratifying cirrhotic patients with CAP who have a high risk of severe disease.