The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse
-
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · Sep 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialDesign of NIDA CTN Protocol 0047: screening, motivational assessment, referral, and treatment in emergency departments (SMART-ED).
Medical settings such as emergency departments (EDs) present an opportunity to identify and provide services for individuals with substance use problems who might otherwise never receive any form of assessment, referral, or intervention. Although screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment models have been extensively studied and are considered effective for individuals with alcohol problems presenting in EDs and other medical settings, the efficacy of such interventions has not been established for drug users presenting in EDs. ⋯ Optimal trial design is critical to determining how best to integrate substance abuse interventions into medical care.
-
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · Sep 2011
Assessing drug use during follow-up: direct comparison of candidate outcome definitions in pooled analyses of addiction treatment studies.
Selection of appropriate outcome measures is important for clinical studies of drug addiction treatment. Researchers use various methods for collecting drug use outcomes and must consider substances to be included in a urine drug screen (UDS); accuracy of self-report; use of various instruments and procedures for collecting self-reported drug use; and timing of outcome assessments. ⋯ In this study, we demonstrated the potential utility and impact of combining UDS and self-report data for drug use assessment. Our results suggest possible differences in intervention efficacy by gender and ethnicity, but highlight the need to cautiously interpret observed interactions.
-
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · Sep 2011
Power of automated algorithms for combining time-line follow-back and urine drug screening test results in stimulant-abuse clinical trials.
In clinical trials of treatment for stimulant abuse, researchers commonly record both Time-Line Follow-Back (TLFB) self-reports and urine drug screen (UDS) results. ⋯ This analysis continues a line of inquiry which could determine how best to measure outpatient stimulant use in clinical trials (NIDA. NIDA Monograph-57: Self-Report Methods of Estimating Drug Abuse: Meeting Current Challenges to Validity. NTIS PB 88248083. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1985; NIDA. NIDA Research Monograph 73: Urine Testing for Drugs of Abuse. NTIS PB 89151971. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1987; NIDA. NIDA Research Monograph 167: The Validity of Self-Reported Drug Use: Improving the Accuracy of Survey Estimates. NTIS PB 97175889. GPO 017-024-01607-1. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, 1997).