British journal of clinical pharmacology
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The metabolism of morphine was studied in seven fullterm neonates and five infants receiving a continuous infusion of morphine. All the patients had detectable plasma concentrations of morphine 3-glucuronide (M3G) and 10 had detectable concentrations of morphine 6-glucuronide (M6G). The mean plasma clearance of morphine was 20.1 ml min-1 kg-1 in neonates and 23.4 ml min-1 kg-1 in the group as a whole. The M3G/morphine ratio (7.3) was higher than that previously reported for preterm neonates (5.0) but lower than that reported for children (23.9).
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Nov 1992
Plasma morphine-3-glucuronide, morphine-6-glucuronide and morphine concentrations in patients receiving long-term epidural morphine.
Plasma morphine concentrations were measured in five cancer patients receiving long-term epidural morphine administration. Peak concentrations were observed within 1 h of dosage and concentrations then declined biexponentially. Plasma morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) concentrations were measured in two patients and plasma M3G concentrations were observed to be much higher than plasma M6G and morphine concentrations. Peak plasma M6G concentrations occurred within 1.0 h of dosing and plasma M6G concentrations then remained higher than plasma morphine concentrations.
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1. The attitudes and knowledge of doctors in the Northern Region to reporting of adverse drug reactions were assessed using a postal questionnaire to all doctors in two, previously identified, high reporting and two low reporting health districts. Comparisons were made of the attitudes and knowledge within professional groups (GPs, Consultants and Junior Hospital Doctors), and between the amalgamated doctor groups. 2. 1181 of 1600 doctors (74%) responded. ⋯ General Practitioners in low reporting areas stated they wrote more prescriptions (P < 0.02), consultants spent more time in clinical contact (P < 0.01) and junior doctors did both (P < 0.01), all of which suggest different workloads may effect reporting of adverse drug reactions. 5. When given clinical examples, or asked about the CSMs black triangle scheme, all doctor groups performed poorly. 6. The number of reports stated as being sent increased with time from qualification for 10 years, then seemed to plateau.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)