The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · May 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparative study of the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam plus metronidazole versus meropenem in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections in hospitalized adults: results of a randomized, double-blind, Phase II trial.
Avibactam, a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor, restores the in vitro activity of ceftazidime against class A, C and some class D β-lactamase-producing pathogens, including those commonly associated with complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs). This randomized, active-controlled, double-blind, Phase II trial (NCT00752219) aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam plus metronidazole compared with meropenem in hospitalized patients with cIAI. ⋯ Ceftazidime/avibactam plus metronidazole was effective and generally well tolerated in patients with cIAI, with a favourable clinical response rate in the ME population of >90%, similar to that of meropenem.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · May 2013
Comparative StudyComparison of pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in paediatric, adult and elderly patients in Canadian hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to describe the association between age groups and antimicrobial resistance in the most commonly identified pathogens in Canadian hospitals. ⋯ The assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns by age group revealed that resistance rates are often higher in the older age groups; however, considerable variability in age-specific resistance trends for different pathogen-antimicrobial combinations was noted.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · May 2013
Historical ArticleChanges in fluoroquinolone resistance over 5 years (CANWARD 2007-11) in bacterial pathogens isolated in Canadian hospitals.
The purpose of this study was to analyse Canadian national surveillance data, specifically fluoroquinolone resistance, from 2007 to 2011 inclusive, to determine trends in resistance over time and to assess correlations with patient demographic factors. ⋯ A significant increase in the percentage of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli, primarily among urine isolates, and a significant decrease in the percentage of ciprofloxacin-resistant S. aureus occurred between 2007 and 2011. Notably, MDR isolates were frequently fluoroquinolone resistant for all organisms studied, except S. pneumoniae.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2013
Outcome of inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy in emergency department patients with community-onset bloodstream infections.
Studies on the effect of inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients with systemic infection have led to inconsistent results. ⋯ Inadequate empirical antimicrobial therapy for community-onset BSI was associated with higher 30 day mortality rates. Study populations with different clinical severities may have different results, which may help to partly explain the heterogeneous findings in many similar studies.
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J. Antimicrob. Chemother. · Apr 2013
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyFluconazole versus an echinocandin for Candida glabrata fungaemia: a retrospective cohort study.
We studied whether fluconazole or echinocandin treatment of Candida glabrata fungaemia results in superior outcomes. ⋯ Severity of illness and choice of antifungal predict response in patients with C. glabrata fungaemia. Antifungal choice, however, does not influence mortality. In addition, new CLSI C. glabrata fluconazole susceptibility breakpoints are predictive of response when fluconazole is dosed appropriately.