Neuroscience
-
Retraction Of Publication
WITHDRAWN: Auditory Surprise Model Based on Pattern Retrieval from the Past Observation.
This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors. The authors regrets that the reason for withdrawal is due to an disagreement in authorship and in scope of data disclosure. The authors apologize to the readers for this unfortunate error.
-
I describe the origins of the British Neuroscience Association (BNA) based on new documents which I have discovered. The foundation of the Brain Research Association (BRA) on February 23rd 1968 was influenced by IBRO, notably its two UK Council members, and by many UK neuroscientists, especially the London-based Black Horse Group. The BRA changed its name to the BNA in 1996. The documents are in the Wellcome Trust Archives.
-
If one eye is patched for a period of 2.5 h in human adults, transient changes in sensory eye dominance result with the previously patched eye's contribution being strengthened. Similar changes result from opaque and translucent occlusion suggesting that it is the deprivation of contrast not luminance information that drives these transient shift of sensory eye dominance. ⋯ With further control experiments we show that this deprivation effect critically depends on the absolute luminance of each eye rather than the relative interocular luminance imbalance. These results indicate that changes in contrast gain at an early, monocular stage of the pathway can result in the transient shift of sensory eye dominance.
-
Speech sound disorder (SSD) is common, yet its neurobiology is poorly understood. Recent studies indicate atypical structural and functional anomalies either in one hemisphere or both hemispheres, which might be accompanied by alterations in inter-hemispheric connectivity. Indeed, abnormalities of the corpus callosum - the main fiber tract connecting the two hemispheres - have been linked to speech and language deficits in associated disorders, such as stuttering, dyslexia, aphasia, etc. ⋯ Here, we investigated whether a sample of 18 children with SSD differed in callosal morphology from 18 typically developing children carefully matched for age. Significantly reduced dimensions of the corpus callosum, particularly in the callosal anterior third, were observed in children with SSD. These findings indicating pronounced callosal aberrations in SSD make an important contribution to an understudied field of research and may suggest that SSD is accompanied by atypical lateralization of speech and language function.
-
Afferent chorda tympani (CT) fibers innervating anterior tongue fungiform papillae have neuron cell bodies in the geniculate ganglion (GG). To characterize electrophysiological and receptive field properties, we recorded extracellular responses from single GG neurons to lingual application with chemical, thermal and mechanical stimuli. Receptive field size was mapped by electrical stimulation of individual fungiform papillae. ⋯ The receptive field sizes for CHEMICAL, and CHEMICAL/THERMAL neurons averaged five papillae exceeding the field size of THERMAL and TACTILE neurons which averaged about two papillae. Detailed analysis of the receptive field of CHEMICAL/THERMAL neurons revealed that within one field only a subset of the fungiform papillae making up the receptive field responded to the cold stimuli, whereas the other papillae responded only to chemical stimuli. These finding demonstrate that fungiform papilla are complex sensory organs with a multisensory function suggesting a unique role in detecting and sampling food components prior to ingestion.