Neuroscience
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The unpredictability of epileptic seizures is one of the most problematic aspects of the field of epilepsy. Methods or devices capable of detecting seizures minutes before they occur may help prevent injury or even death and significantly improve the quality of life. Machine learning (ML) is an emerging technology that can markedly enhance algorithm performance by interpreting data. ⋯ While ML has good prospects with regard to detecting epileptic seizures via EEG signals, many clinicians are still unfamiliar with this field. This work briefly summarizes the history and recent significant progress made in this field and clarifies the essential components of the automatic seizure detection system using ML methodologies for clinicians. This review also proposes how neurologists can actively contribute to ensure improvements in seizure prediction using EEG-based ML.
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Review
Lactate supply from astrocytes to neurons and its role in ischemic stroke-induced neurodegeneration.
Glucose transported to the brain is metabolized to lactate in astrocytes and supplied to neuronal cells via a monocarboxylic acid transporter (MCT). Lactate is used in neuronal cells for various functions, including learning and memory formation. Furthermore, lactate can block stroke-induced neurodegeneration. ⋯ These findings suggest that the lack of lactate supply may strongly contribute to hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration. Furthermore, diminished lactate supply from astrocytes could facilitate stroke-induced neurodegeneration. Therefore, astrocyte-derived lactate may contribute to stroke prevention.