Brain research bulletin
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Brain research bulletin · Jul 2011
Effects of pioglitazone and retinoic acid in a rotenone model of Parkinson's disease.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a late-onset, progressive and neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology. Besides the other therapeutic approaches, new drug options in pharmacotherapy of PD are important. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of pioglitazone and retinoic acid, antioxidant and neuroprotective agents, on rotenone-induced model of PD in rats. ⋯ Our results suggest that pioglitazone and retinoic acid have some beneficial effects on rotenone-induced model of PD in rats. Pioglitazone seems to be more effective than retinoic acid. These agents may be helpful for preventing or controlling of some signs of PD.
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Brain research bulletin · Jul 2011
Intracerebroventricularly administered lipopolysaccharide enhances spike-wave discharges in freely moving WAG/Rij rats.
Peripheral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection enhances spike-wave discharges (SWDs) in the genetic rat model of absence epilepsy (Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk rats: WAG/Rij rats) parallel with the peripheral proinflammatory cytokine responses. The effect of centrally administered LPS on the absence-like epileptic activity is not known, however despite the important differences in inflammatory mechanisms. To examine the effect of centrally administered LPS on the pathological synchronization we intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) injected LPS into WAG/Rij rats and measured the number and duration of SWDs. ⋯ LPS induced changes in SWDs, while AP5 extended it for 5h. As control treatments, both IND and AP5 application by themselves decreased the number of SWDs for 2 and 3h, respectively. Our results show that centrally injected LPS, likewise the peripheral injection, can increase the number and duration of SWDs in the WAG/Rij rat, and the effect invoke inflammatory cytokines as well as excitatory neurotransmitters.