Spine
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This was a correlational study. ⋯ 2.
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Markov model. ⋯ 4.
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Retrospective comparative study. ⋯ 3.
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Retrospective analysis of data extracted from the MarketScan database (2000-2016) using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9, ICD-10, and Current Procedural Terminology-4 codes. ⋯ 3.