Journal of analytical toxicology
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Comparative Study
ONTRAK TESTCUP: a novel, on-site, multi-analyte screen for the detection of abused drugs.
We developed a rapid, sensitive, and simple-to-use multi-analyte diagnostic device for the detection of drugs of abuse in urine: the ONTRAK TESTCUP. No sample or reagent handling is necessary with this device, and the device also serves as the sample collection cup. The TESTCUP contains immunochromatographic reagents that qualitatively and simultaneously detect the presence of benzoylecgonine, morphine, and cannabinoids (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol [THC] in urine. ⋯ There was 100% agreement between TESTCUP and ONTRAK results and between TESTCUP and OnLine results when testing clinical samples positive and negative for cocaine (benzoylecgonine) or THC. Greater than 99% agreement was observed between TESTCUP and ONTRAK results and between TESTCUP and OnLine results when testing clinical samples positive and negative for morphine. The cross-reactivity of the TESTCUP assay to related drugs and drug metabolites was also determined, and the results were similar to those of the ONTRAK and OnLine assays.
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Comparative Study
Distribution of codeine and morphine into rat hair after long-term daily dosing with codeine.
Hair analysis for drugs of abuse provides a possible long-term measure of drug use not possible with urinalysis. Many drugs and their metabolites have been detected in hair; however, the factors influencing the incorporation of chemicals into hair are poorly understood. An animal model for chemical uptake into hair utilizing controlled drug administration was developed to ascertain if increasing doses of codeine are reflected in the concentrations of codeine and its metabolites found in hair. ⋯ The plasma pharmacokinetics of codeine and morphine were also obtained after a single, intraperitoneal codeine administration of 20 mg/kg. An experiment involving washing the rat hair with methanol or phosphate buffer (pH 9.0) did not reduce the concentration of codeine or morphine measured in hair as compared with nonwashed control hair. Data obtained in this study indicate that after controlled administration the incorporation of codeine and its metabolite, morphine, into rat hair occurs in a distinct dose-proportional manner.