Journal of medical virology
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In December 2019, the 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) first emerged in Wuhan, China. This has now spread worldwide and was declared a pandemic by March 2020. ⋯ We describe the first 15 cases with the multi-systeminflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), temporally related to COVID-19, who presented for care to a tertiary pediatric referral center in New York City. We discuss the disproportionate burden of disease among Hispanic/Latino and Black/African American ancestry, the distinct cytokine signature across the disease spectrum (IL-1/IL-6), and the potential role and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in this new clinical entity.
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Since the discovery of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathology showed different faces. There is an increasing number of cases described as (meningo)encephalitis although evidence often lacks. Anosmia, another atypical form of COVID-19, has been considered as testimony of the potential of neuroinvasiveness of SARS-CoV-2, though this hypothesis remains highly speculative. ⋯ An inappropriate immune response can lead to the production of auto-antibodies directed toward CNS components. In the case of proven SARS-CoV-2 brain invasion, the main hypothesis found in the literature focus on a neural pathway, especially the direct route via the nasal cavity, although the virus is likely to reach the CNS using other routes. Our ability to come up with hypotheses about the mechanisms by which the virus might interact with the CNS may help to keep in mind that all neurological symptoms observed during COVID-19 do not always rely on CNS viral invasion.
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We present a phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis of this new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus in this report. A tree of maximum credibility was constructed using the 72 entire genome sequences of this virus, from the three countries (China, Italy, and Spain) available as of 26 March 2020 on the GISAID reference frame. To schematize the current SARS-CoV-2 migration scenario between and within the three countries chosen, using the multitype bearth-death model implemented in BEAST2. ⋯ Such events are marked by speeds of migration that are comparatively lower as compared with that from Shanghai to Italy. Shanghai's R0 and Italy's are closer to each other, though Spain's is slightly higher. All these results allow us to conclude the need for an automatic system of mixed, molecular and classical epidemiological surveillance, which could play a role in this global surveillance of public health and decision-making.