AJR. American journal of roentgenology
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Jun 2002
Head and skull base features of nine Egyptian mummies: evaluation with high-resolution CT and reformation techniques.
CT is an indispensable imaging tool in the evaluation of Egyptian mummies because it can noninvasively generate large amounts of data. We applied current CT imaging and postprocessing techniques to methodically survey the head and skull base features of nine Egyptian mummies in the hope of providing paleopathologic and radiologic information. ⋯ CT findings indicated that the intracranial contents of the nine mummies varied tremendously. Destruction of the anterior skull base structures in mummies without intracranial contents suggested a transnasal, transethmoidal approach to excerebration. A large amount of expensive embalming material within the skull of one mummy suggests that he may have been a royal pharoah. A cleft palate deformity was identified in a child mummy. Temporal bone analysis revealed one case of asymmetric mastoid air cell erosion and dehiscence, which is strongly suggestive of prior mastoiditis. Craniocervical junction abnormalities and ossicular chain disruption in several mummies were attributed to postmortem damage. The orbital structures had intentionally been removed in several mummies. Dental disease was ubiquitous among the adult specimens. CONCLUSION. The systematic evaluation of the head and skull base of mummies with CT can provide insight into the life, disease, death, and postmortem treatment of these ancient Egyptians.
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AJR Am J Roentgenol · Jun 2002
Sonography of the medial and lateral tendons and ligaments of the knee: the use of bony landmarks as an easy method for identification.
Our purpose was to describe the use of bony landmarks in the evaluation of the medial and lateral ligaments and tendons of the knee on sonography and to evaluate the value of this approach in healthy volunteers. ⋯ Bony landmarks can be identified in healthy adults on the medial and lateral aspects of the knee and may serve as reference points for identification of most medial and lateral tendons and ligaments.