Early human development
-
Very preterm infants at the borderline of viability, especially those <25 weeks of gestational age, have survived in increasing numbers in recent years, but concerns persist about their long-term outcome and their consumption of scarce hospital resources. ⋯ Increased intensive care in the late 1990s for infants at the borderline of viability was associated with improved outcomes, at incremental costs that were not excessive compared with slightly more mature infants.
-
Most studies of sleep-wake states of preterm infants have been cross-sectional. Thus, the extent to which sleep-wake development occurs within individuals and how environmental factors affect the development of sleeping and waking is unclear. ⋯ Significant development of sleeping and waking occurs over the preterm period. Additional research is needed to determine how the change from the hospital to the home environment affects on these developmental trajectories.
-
Early human development · Sep 2004
Physical growth and neurodevelopmental outcome of nonhandicapped low-risk children born preterm.
Outcome studies on the effects of prematurity are increasingly restricted to extremely immature infants with birth weight below 1000 g or gestational age below 26 weeks. In contrast, studies comprising low-risk preterm infants are rare. ⋯ All LBW infants, including low-risk populations, should be included in a follow-up program in order to detect deficits early in life and begin treatment before school entry.
-
Early human development · Jul 2004
Pain assessment in the neonate using the Bernese Pain Scale for Neonates.
Neonates who require treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are subjected to many invasive painful procedures. ⋯ The BPSN was shown to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing pain in term and preterm neonates with and without ventilation.
-
Early human development · Apr 2004
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialFeeding and oral glucose--additive effects on pain reduction in newborns.
The aims of this study were to compare the pain reducing effect of oral glucose with that of being breast-fed shortly before venipuncture in newborns, and also the pain score and crying time with parents' assessment. ⋯ Breast-feeding shortly before venipuncture has no major impact on the pain score but on crying time. The combination of oral glucose and breast-feeding shows the lowest pain score and significantly shorter duration of crying.