Læknablađiđ
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Review Case Reports
[Central and extrapontine myelinolysis following correction of extreme hyponatremia. Case report and review of the literature].
We report a case of a 43-year-old woman who developed osmotic demyelination syndrome following correction of extreme hyponatremia that was considered to be of chronic nature. The serum sodium level was 91 mmol/L on admission to hospital. It was decided to correct the serum sodium slowly with the goal that the rate of correction would be no more than 12 mmol/l per 24 hours. ⋯ The patient received supportive therapy and eventually made full recovery. Current concepts in the pathophysiology of osmotic demyelination syndrome and the treatment of hyponatremia are reviewed. We recommend that the rate of correction of chronic hyponatremia should not exceed 8 mmol/l per 24 hours.
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Review Case Reports
[A 49 year old male with a giant pulmonary bulla--a case report and review of the literature].
A 49 year old previously healthy smoker was diagnosed with a giant bulla in his right lung, following a history of dry cough, repeated upper airway infections and increasing dyspnea for several years. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed the presence of a giant bulla in the right inferior lobe and several smaller bullae in the right superior lobe. The giant bulla was 17 cm in diameter, occupying more than half of the right hemithorax. ⋯ Five months postoperatively the patient is in good health and is back at work. Postoperatively significant improvements in spirometry values and lung volume measurements have been documented. This case demonstrates that giant bullae can be successfully managed with surgical resection and their size can be determined by different techniques, including lung volume measurements and chest CT.
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The importance of adequate metabolic control in Type 1 DM has been repeatedly demonstrated in recent years. The care of diabetic children and adolescents in Iceland is centralized to one unit. The aim of the study was to analyze the quality of treatment and acute complications of Icelandic children with Type 1 diabetes. ⋯ Overall the metabolic control in children and adolescents with IDDM in Iceland is satisfactory compared to internationally published results. It is important to focus attention on children with inadequate metabolic control, especially adolescent girls, and children experiencing serious hypoglycaemic episodes.