Læknablađiđ
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Clean drinking water is essential for public health. The cause of waterborne outbreaks is most often faecal contamination of water from animals or humans. The objective of this resarch was to collect available information on waterborne outbreaks in Iceland for the twenty year period, 1998-2017. Incident of faecal and pathogenic pollution in samples where also collected even though rarely followed by registered outbreak. ⋯ It is likely that waterborne outbreaks are more numerous than are registered in official reports, especially concerning small water supplies. It also seems that the local heath authorities are often not informed of incidents of non-compliance. It is important to improve registration, information exchange between parties, epidemiological surveys and follow up of outbreaks due to drinking water to gather lessons learned. Water quality at small water supplies needs to be improved with risk-based approach and risk management.
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Review Case Reports
[Occlusion of the vertebrobasilar artery. Case presentation and literature review].
This paper is a case report of a 22 year old, previously healthy woman that presented comatose to the Emergency Room at Landspitali University Hospital Iceland. A CT image of the head on admission revealed a large right cerebellar infarct with oedema compressing the fourth ventricle. A CT angiogram on admission was suspicious for a dissection of the left vertebral artery (confirmed during endovascular treatment) and a total occlusion of the distal third of the basilar artery. ⋯ She made a good clinical recovery to a modified Ranking scale of 1 at 90 days after discharge from the hospital. Following the case is a literature review on the clinical aspects of occlusion of the vertebrobasilar system, use and utility of imaging and treatment with (anticoagulation, IV and IA thrombolysis) modalities that have been tried. Finally, the evidence regarding thrombectomy and the role of craniotomy for malignant stroke are reviewed.