The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy
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Distressing postoperative pain remains a prevalent problem. Poorly treated pain contributes to patient suffering and may prevent rapid recovery and rehabilitation. ⋯ More advanced methods of pain control can allow excellent relief for virtually all patients but may require the presence of a dedicated pain management service. This article reviews the principles and practice of modern postoperative pain management.
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J Orthop Sports Phys Ther · Oct 1996
ReviewTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the control of pain in musculoskeletal disorders.
The literature on the use of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for pain control in several common musculoskeletal disorders is reviewed. The need for this review stems from apparently contradictory results of numerous studies designed to address the efficacy of electrical stimulation procedures for pain control. ⋯ Other areas discussed include TENS use in arthritic conditions, soft tissue inflammatory disorders, and in postoperative pain following orthopaedic surgical procedures. Methodological strengths and weaknesses of TENS studies are emphasized in order to assist the reader in understanding the relative value of TENS studies which either support or refute the efficacy of electrical stimulation procedures for pain control.