Brain & development
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Brain & development · Jan 2021
The changes in the topological properties of brain structural network based on diffusion tensor imaging in pediatric epilepsy patients with vagus nerve stimulators: A graph theoretical analysis.
This study aimed to analyze the topological characteristics of brain structural network in pediatric epilepsy patients with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) by applying graph theoretical approaches. ⋯ VNS causes topological characteristics changes in pediatric patients with generalized seizures through regulating regional properties in some brain structures.
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Brain & development · Oct 2019
Long-term outcome of a group of Japanese children with myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein encephalomyelitis without preventive immunosuppressive therapy.
There is increasing evidence that immunosuppressive therapy is essential for reducing disease activity and avoiding further attacks in patients positive for anti-myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies. However, to date, no placebo-controlled trial has been published. ⋯ We reported our experience with very long-term follow-up of 5 Japanese pediatric patients with anti-MOG antibody-positive disease who did not receive long-term immunosuppressive therapy. Persistent positivity to anti-MOG antibody in some patients suggests the necessity for long-term follow up despite infrequent relapse.
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Brain & development · Sep 2019
Brain gliomas, hydrocephalus and idiopathic aqueduct stenosis in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.
To evaluate the incidence and clinical importance of brain gliomas - optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) and especially gliomas outside the optic pathway (GOOP) for children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), additionally, to assess the causes of obstructive hydrocephalus in NF1 children with an emphasis on cases caused by idiopathic aqueduct stenosis. ⋯ The total brain glioma number (OPGs and only GOOPs together) better reflected the overall brain tumour risk for NF1 children. However, GOOPs occur less frequently than OPGs, they are more clinically relevant. The obstructive hydrocephalus was severe and featuring frequent complication, especially those with GOOP. Idiopathic aqueduct stenosis shows an unpredictable cause of hydrocephalus in comparison with glioma and is another reason for careful neurologic follow up.
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Brain & development · May 2019
ReviewRecreational nitrous oxide abuse related subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord in adolescents - A case series and literature review.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a commonly used inhaled anesthetic in outpatient dental procedures. However, the increasing recreational use of N2O may result in vitamin B12 deficiency-related neurologic and psychiatric symptoms. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the clinical features of chronic N2O abuse in pediatric patients. ⋯ Chronic N2O abuse can cause permanent neurological damage if not treated promptly. Clinical staff should be aware of the various presentations of neurotoxicity related to N2O abuse.
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Brain & development · Apr 2019
Case ReportsKetogenic diet as a successful early treatment modality for SCN2A mutation.
SCN2A mutations have been described in a very broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes including benign (familial) neonatal/infantile seizures and early infantile epileptic encephalopathies (EIEE) as Ohtahara syndrome (OS), Dravet syndrome (DS), epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures and West syndrome (WS). Treatment modalities for epilepsy caused by SCN2A mutations mainly consist of sodium channel blockers but ketogenic diet (KD) is also considered as an option of treatment for intractible seizures caused by SCN2A mutations. ⋯ Met136lle; OMIM®: 182390) who had a complete resolution of seizures and EEG abnormalities with KD commenced at 39 days of age. As far as we are aware our case is the youngest patient with SCN2A mutation treated with KD with complete resolution of epilepsy at an early age and has been seizure free of antiepileptic medications for a long duration.