Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · Oct 2010
Randomized Controlled TrialEfficacy and safety of nemonoxacin versus levofloxacin for community-acquired pneumonia.
Nemonoxacin, a novel nonfluorinated quinolone, exhibits potent in vitro and in vivo activities against community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) pathogens, including multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Patients with mild to moderate CAP (n = 265) were randomized to receive oral nemonoxacin (750 mg or 500 mg) or levofloxacin (500 mg) once daily for 7 days. Clinical responses were determined at the test-of-cure visit in intent-to-treat (ITT), clinical per protocol (PPc), evaluable-ITT, and evaluable-PPc populations. ⋯ Overall, oral nemonoxacin (both 750 mg and 500 mg) administered for 7 days resulted in high clinical and bacteriological success rates in CAP patients. Further, good tolerability and excellent activity against common causative pathogens were demonstrated. Nemonoxacin (750 mg and 500 mg) once daily is as effective and safe as levofloxacin (500 mg) once daily for the treatment of CAP.
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · Oct 2010
Colistin dosing and nephrotoxicity in a large community teaching hospital.
Thirty adult patients who received intravenous colistin (5.1 ± 2.4 mg/kg/day) were reviewed to evaluate dosing with respect to nephrotoxicity, which occurred in 10 (33%) patients within the first 5 days of treatment. Excessive colistin dosing was frequent (47%), often (71%) resulted from the use of actual body weight in obese patients, and was associated with higher rates of nephrotoxicity (80% versus 30%, P = 0.019).
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Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute-phase glycoprotein with a nonredundant function in the host resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus. PTX3 activity was evaluated against pulmonary aspergillosis in rats immunosuppressed with cortisone acetate. PTX3 enhanced the survival rate and reduced the lung fungal burden of infected rats in both therapeutic and prophylactic modalities. Thus, we extended the protective activity of PTX3 in pulmonary aspergillosis to corticosteroid-induced immunodeficiency, which is a relevant clinical condition in graft-versus-host disease and in solid organ transplant.