Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · Sep 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialGamma radiation-sterilized, triple-lumen catheters coated with a low concentration of chlorhexidine were not efficacious at preventing catheter infections in intensive care unit patients.
In a randomized, double-blind trial, gamma radiation-sterilized, chlorhexidine-coated triple-lumen catheters were compared with uncoated control catheters for their ability to prevent catheter infection in 254 intensive care unit patients. The chlorhexidine coating was not efficacious, and a rabbit model demonstrated that reduction of chlorhexidine activity by gamma radiation sterilization was the likely explanation for the failure.
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · Sep 1996
Case ReportsOnce-daily aminoglycoside therapy: potential ototoxicity.
Current data indicate that once-daily aminoglycoside therapy is as efficacious as traditional multiple daily dosing and equally or less toxic. Our experience with once-daily gentamicin, 6 mg/kg of body weight led to a 10% (3 of 33 patients) occurrence of documented ototoxicity after prolonged aminoglycoside exposure.
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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. · Jul 1996
Clinical TrialPopulation pharmacokinetics of amikacin in critically ill patients.
The pharmacokinetic parameters of amikacin were determined in a population of 20 adults and 36 pediatric patients admitted into an intensive care unit. Amikacin was administered by repeated intravenous infusion over 0.5 h (600 to 1,350 mg for adults; 70 to 1,500 mg for children). The number of administrations ranged from 2 to 17, and the number of samples collected from each patient ranged from 2 to 70. ⋯ To evaluate the performance of the Bayesian estimation, the experimental concentrations were compared with the predicted ones. The Bayesian approached developed in the study accurately predicts amikacin concentrations in serum and allows for the estimation of amikacin pharmacokinetics parameters, minimizing the risk of bias in the prediction. This was demonstrated in patients with both stable and unstable renal functions.