Annals of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Dose-response evaluation of oral labetalol in patients presenting to the emergency department with accelerated hypertension.
Dose-response evaluation of oral labetalol (100, 200, or 300 mg) on heart rate and systemic blood pressure in emergency department patients with hypertensive urgency (diastolic blood pressure, 110 to 140 mm Hg, and no end-organ evidence of hypertensive emergency). ⋯ Labetalol provides safe and effective treatment for hypertensive urgencies when administered orally in doses of 100 to 300 mg.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Preliminary evaluation of a prototype tube-valve-mask ventilator for emergency artificial ventilation.
The objective was to design a prototype tube-valve-mask ventilator that would permit relatively inexperienced operators to provide adequate emergency artificial ventilation, namely, adequate ventilatory volumes and a high oxygen and low carbon dioxide delivery. ⋯ In the hands of relatively inexperienced operators, mouth-to-mouth, mouth-to-mask, and tube-valve-mask techniques provide adequate ventilation volumes to a mannikin. This was not the case with the bag-valve-mask systems (800 mL; P = .05 by t test). Of the systems that provide adequate ventilation volume, the tube-valve-mask appears, superior in that higher oxygen and lower carbon dioxide concentrations can also be obtained (P = .05 by paired t test).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Correction of metabolic acidosis in experimental CPR: a comparative study of sodium bicarbonate, carbicarb, and dextrose.
Carbicarb, sodium bicarbonate, and 5% dextrose were compared for effects on resuscitability in a canine model of electromechanical dissociation after ventricular fibrillation. ⋯ In this model of cardiac arrest, carbicarb was not superior to sodium bicarbonate in the correction of metabolic acidosis during CPR.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Buffered versus plain lidocaine as a local anesthetic for simple laceration repair.
Buffered lidocaine was compared with plain lidocaine as a local anesthetic for simple lacerations. ⋯ Buffered lidocaine is preferable to plain lidocaine as a local anesthetic agent for the repair of simple lacerations.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Prehospital prophylactic lidocaine does not favorably affect outcome in patients with chest pain.
The purpose of our study was to determine the morbidity and mortality in initially stable patients presenting to paramedics with chest pain; to examine possible beneficial effects of its use, including reduction of sudden death syndrome in the prehospital and emergency department setting; and to determine if prophylactic lidocaine is associated with adverse effects in this patient population. ⋯ There are no benefits from the administration of prehospital prophylactic lidocaine in stable patients with chest pain; therefore, routine use in this setting appears unwarranted.