Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialTesting a culturally appropriate, theory-based intervention to improve colorectal cancer screening among Native Hawaiians.
We tested an intervention based on social learning theory (SLT) to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among Native Hawaiians, a group with low CRC screening rates. ⋯ For Native Hawaiian individuals belonging to a network of civic clubs, an intervention based on SLT delivered by a Native Hawaiian physician and CRC survivor was less effective at further increasing compliance than was a culturally targeted educational session delivered by a non-Hawaiian nurse. That CRC screening compliance was high prior to our intervention suggests that we targeted a very health conscious segment of the Native Hawaiian population. Future work should focus on underserved segments of this indigenous group.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2005
Inequalities in the prevalence of smoking in the European Union: comparing education and income.
The aim of the study was to determine whether education or income was more strongly related to smoking in the European Union at large, and within the individual countries of the EU, at the end of the 1990s. ⋯ Education is a strong predictor of smoking in Europe. Interventions should aim to prevent addiction to smoking among the lower educated, by price policies, school-based programs, and smoking cessation support for young adults.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2005
Comparative StudyLifestyles and health-related quality of life in Japanese school children: a cross-sectional study.
Lifestyles are associated with physical and mental health status, as well as health-related quality of life (QOL) in adults. There is little information about relation between lifestyles and QOL in children. This study aims to examine the correlation among Japanese children. ⋯ Undesirable lifestyles are positively associated with impaired QOL among children. Further understanding of these relationships will facilitate the development of interventions to help children with poor QOL.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2005
Comparative StudyStatewide evaluation of a tobacco cessation curriculum for pharmacy students.
Previous studies suggest that healthcare professionals are inadequately trained to treat tobacco use and dependence. Because even brief interventions from clinicians improve patient quit rates, widespread implementation of effective tobacco cessation training programs for health professional students is needed. ⋯ Comprehensive training significantly improved pharmacy students' perceived confidence and ability to provide tobacco cessation counseling. The curriculum is applicable to other health professional training programs and currently is being used to train pharmacy, medical, nursing, and dental students.
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Preventive medicine · Jun 2005
Do parents' perceptions of risks protect children engaged in farm work?
The purpose was to describe farm parents' perceptions of risks on their farms and determine if these perceptions were associated with (1) using of the North American Guidelines for Children's Agricultural Tasks (NAGCAT) and (2) making NAGCAT-recommended changes to enhance the safety of farm work for their children. ⋯ Even with voluntary safety guidelines in hand and the general perception of farming as a dangerous occupation, many farm parents were not actively using NAGCAT to reduce the exposure of their children to hazardous farm work. Together with the continuing morbidity and mortality among farm children, this suggests that voluntary guidelines alone may not be sufficient to protect children working on farms.