Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2009
ReviewMonitoring the tobacco use epidemic IV. The vector: Tobacco industry data sources and recommendations for research and evaluation.
This Vector paper (IV of V on monitoring the tobacco use epidemic) presents the data sources and methods that can be used to monitor tobacco marketing and makes recommendations for creating a national surveillance system. ⋯ Tobacco marketing could be more effectively monitored with the development of a national research network. Surveillance of the tobacco industry's methods to push tobacco and pull consumers can help the public health community identify new markets and campaigns, justify and tailor effective tobacco control strategies, and evaluate existing counter-marketing efforts.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2009
ReviewMonitoring the tobacco use epidemic III: The host: data sources and methodological challenges.
This Host paper (III of V) reviews key surveillance and evaluation systems that monitor the characteristics, attitudes and behaviors of tobacco users that are crucial for tobacco control efforts. ⋯ Although the field of tobacco control research is an advanced area of public health, improvements in data systems are necessary to accurately evaluate progress and continue tobacco control gains. A coordinated surveillance and evaluation network would increase efficiency and improve the overall utility, quality and timeliness of the current data systems.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2009
Self-determined motivation and students' physical activity during structured physical education lessons and free choice periods.
Various organizations have suggested that physical education (PE) should play a central role in increasing adolescents' physical activity (PA) levels. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between students' self-determined motivation and their PA behavior during a structured PE lesson led by their teacher and a free-choice period in which they were not required to be active. ⋯ Findings indicated that promoting self-determined motivation may be an effective means of ensuring that PE programs are able to increase PA levels, foster self-initiated PA behaviors, and enhance adolescents' health.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2009
ReviewMonitoring the tobacco use epidemic II: The agent: Current and emerging tobacco products.
This Agent paper (II of V on monitoring the tobacco use epidemic) summarizes the findings and recommendations of the Agent (product) Working Group of the November, 2002, National Tobacco Monitoring, Research and Evaluation Workshop. ⋯ Systematic surveillance is recommended for mainstream smoke constituents such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), total and free-base nicotine, volatile organic compounds, aromatic amines, and metals; and design attributes including tobacco blend, additives, and filter ventilation. Research on smoking topography is recommended to help define machine-smoking protocols for monitoring emissions reflective of human smoking behavior. Recommendations are made for marketplace product sampling and for population monitoring of smoking topography, emissions of toxic constituents, biomarkers of exposure and, eventually, risk of tobacco-related diseases.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effect of a 12 week walking intervention on markers of insulin resistance and systemic inflammation.
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a community-based walking intervention, using pedometers, is effective in reducing systemic inflammatory markers. ⋯ We conclude that the current community-based intervention did not affect systemic markers of inflammation or insulin sensitivity.