Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2013
Changes to cervical cancer prevention guidelines: effects on screening among U.S. women ages 15-29.
A shift toward later initiation of cervical cancer screening for women began in 2002. We generated national estimates of screening prevalence rates and guideline-consistent screening among U.S. women ages 15-29 before and after the first evidence-based recommendations for reduced cervical cancer screening. ⋯ Fewer adolescents were being screened before sexual initiation, representing newer guidelines. However, sexually-active young adult women also should have later screening initiation. Factors related to health care access contribute to receipt of screening. Monitoring and provider education are needed to improve guideline-consistent screening, as newer guidelines call for less screening.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2013
The projected effect of increasing physical activity on reducing the prevalence of common mental disorders among Canadian men and women: a national population-based community study.
Little quantitative research has been conducted on the effect of physical activity (PA) modification on the prevalence of mental disorders in a nationally representative sample. We aimed to provide quantitative evidence regarding the potential effectiveness of PA in the management of mental disorders. ⋯ Clinicians and public health campaigns targeting individual patients and general populations can improve patients' symptoms and prevent a significant proportion of future mental disorders by increasing the amount of PA.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2013
Observational StudyRisk factors for infection/colonization caused by resistant Gram negative bacilli in critically ill patients (an observational study of 1633 critically ill patients).
The objective of this study is to identify risk factors associated with multi-resistant Gram negative (RGNB) infection and colonization among critically ill patients. ⋯ The major risk factors identified for RGNB infection and colonization in the ICU were mainly patient dependent. However, broad spectrum initial antibiotic treatment remains an important independent modifiable risk factor. Interventions aimed at reducing initial broad spectrum antibiotics are clearly needed to help control the spread of these difficult to treat infections.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2013
Comparative StudyA comparison of smoking behaviour characteristics between Caucasian smokers in the United Kingdom and Malay smokers in Malaysia.
There is evidence that smoking behaviour differs by ethnicity. This study aims to compare smoking behaviour characteristics between Caucasian and Malay smokers. ⋯ Malays smoke as a means of socially integrating. This has important public health implications. Social reasons and the social environment play a role in smoking uptake, smoking maintenance and smoking cessation and this should be borne in mind for strategies planning to promote smoking cessation.
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Preventive medicine · Jan 2013
Suicide prevention program for at-risk groups: pointers from an epidemiological study.
The aim of this paper is to identify at-risk groups for a focused suicide prevention program for Malaysia. ⋯ In a developing country with competing priorities, prudent allocation of resources requires focusing suicide prevention efforts on treating depression in vulnerable groups.