Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2013
ReviewPopulation-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm: an overview of systematic reviews.
To analyse available review-level evidence on the effectiveness of population-level interventions in non-clinical settings to reduce alcohol consumption or related health or social harm. ⋯ There is a pattern of support from the evidence base for regulatory or statutory enforcement interventions over local non-regulatory approaches targeting specific population groups.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2013
The association of religiosity with overweight/obese body mass index among Asian Indian immigrants in California.
The aim of this study was to examine the association between religiosity and overweight or obese body mass index among a multi-religious group of Asian Indian immigrants residing in California. ⋯ Religiosity in Hindus and Sikhs, but not immigrant Muslims, appears to be independently associated with greater body mass index among Asian Indians. If this finding is confirmed, future research should identify potentially mutable mechanisms by which religion-specific religiosity affects overweight/obesity risk.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2013
The diagnostic threshold of HbA1c and impact of its use on diabetes prevalence-a population-based survey of 6898 Han participants from southern China.
The objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic threshold of HbA1c for diabetes and the impact of using it on diabetes prevalence. ⋯ Diabetes is prevalent in southern China. Near half of the patients go undetected with current diagnostic criteria. HbA1c ≥6.25% may be the diagnostic threshold value but needs further verification. The introduction of HbA1c threshold into diabetes diagnosis in China will cause a substantial increase in diabetes prevalence and great challenge on the public healthcare system.
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To examine the risk factors associated with never being screened for cervical cancer (CC) in Brazil. ⋯ Socioeconomic and demographic conditions lead to inequalities in access to Pap smear screening in Brazil. Public health policy addressing these risk groups is necessary.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialA randomised controlled trial of financial incentives to increase hepatitis B vaccination completion among people who inject drugs in Australia.
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of modest financial incentives in increasing completion of an accelerated 3-dose hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination schedule (0, 7, 21days) among people who inject drugs (PWID). ⋯ Modest financial incentives, per-dose, increased adherence to the accelerated HBV vaccination schedule among PWID. Results have implications for increasing HBV and, potentially, other vaccine-preventable infections, among PWID.