Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2013
Review Meta AnalysisEducational interventions in childhood obesity: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
To assess the effectiveness of educational interventions including behavioral modification, nutrition and physical activity to prevent or treat childhood obesity through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. ⋯ Educational interventions are effective in treatment, but not prevention, of childhood obesity and its consequences.
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Preventive medicine · May 2013
Review Meta AnalysisSocial cognitive theories used to explain physical activity behavior in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To systematically review and examine the explanatory power of key social-cognitive theories used to explain physical activity (PA) intention and behavior, among adolescents. ⋯ Few studies have tested the predictive capacity of social cognitive theories to explain objectively measured PA. The majority of PA variance remains unexplained and more theoretical research is needed.
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Preventive medicine · May 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialIncreasing physical activity in young primary school children--it's child's play: a cluster randomised controlled trial.
To explore the effects of an innovative school-based intervention for increasing physical activity. ⋯ Capturing children's intrinsic motivations to play while simultaneously helping adults reconsider views of free play as risky provided increases in physical activity during break times. Using accelerometry as the sole measure of physical activity may underestimate the effect.
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Preventive medicine · May 2013
Comparative StudyIs wearing a pedometer associated with higher physical activity among adolescents?
To examine whether wearing a pedometer was associated with higher objectively-measured physical activity (PA) among adolescents independent of other behavior change strategies, and whether this association differed by sex or day of wear. ⋯ Pedometer wear was associated with higher PA among adolescent girls, but not boys. Findings may support sex-specific intervention strategies. In addition to pedometer monitoring, additional strategies may be required to promote PA levels, especially among boys.
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Preventive medicine · May 2013
Smoking prevalence in Italy 2011 and 2012, with a focus on hand-rolled cigarettes.
To provide updated information on smoking prevalence in Italy, with a focus on type of tobacco product, including hand-rolled (HR) cigarettes. ⋯ In 2012 we observed the lowest reported overall smoking prevalence in Italy, though change since 2008 has been limited. The proportion of HR cigarettes on total tobacco trade has appreciably increased, particularly among young male smokers, who appear to switch to affordable cigarettes in a period of economic crisis. Fiscal policies aiming to equalise the cost of different cigarette types are needed in Italy.