Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Environmental supports for walking/biking and traffic safety: income and ethnicity disparities.
The present study investigates the influence of income, ethnicity, and built environmental characteristics on the percentages of workers who walk/bike as well as on pedestrian/cyclist crash rates. Furthermore, income and ethnicity disparities are also explored. ⋯ Environmental designs that both encourage walking/biking trips and generate more safety threats should attract more attention from policy makers. Policies should also be more devoted to enhancing the mobility and health for areas with high poverty rates.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Review Meta AnalysisSelf-determined motivation and physical activity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Self-determination theory is used as a framework for examining the relation between motivation and physical activity. The purpose of this review was to systematically review studies that assessed the association between self-determined motivation and physical activity levels in children and adolescents. ⋯ Evidence provides some support for self-determination theory tenets. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in most associations and many studies had methodological shortcomings.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
ReviewThe home physical environment and its relationship with physical activity and sedentary behavior: a systematic review.
Reviews of neighborhood (macro) environment characteristics such as the presence of sidewalks and esthetics have shown significant correlations with resident physical activity (PA) and sedentary (SD) behavior. Currently, no comprehensive review has appraised and collected available evidence on the home (micro) physical environment. The purpose of this review was to examine how the home physical environment relates to adult and child PA and SD behaviors. ⋯ This was similarly found for the quantity of PA equipment which also correlated with behavior in females. Given the large market for exercise equipment, videos and exergaming, the limited work performed on its effectiveness in homes is alarming. Future research should focus on developing stronger randomized controlled trials, investigate the location of PA equipment, and examine mediators of the gender discrepancy found in contemporary studies.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Comparative StudySelf-rated health and mortality in a prospective Chinese elderly cohort study in Hong Kong.
In the West, self-rated health reliably predicts death, but conceptualizations of health and cause-composition of mortality may be contextually specific. Little is known as to how self-rated health predicts death in non-Western settings. ⋯ Age-comparative self-rated health predicted death in older people from a non-Western setting although the association was less marked than in Western settings.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Ability of a mass media campaign to influence knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about sugary drinks and obesity.
We examined the impact of a mass media campaign that was designed to educate residents about the amount of added sugars in soda and other sugary drinks, as well as the health impacts of consuming such drinks. ⋯ Media campaigns about sugary drinks and obesity may be effective for raising awareness about added sugars in beverages, increasing knowledge about health problems associated with excessive sugar consumption, and prompting behavioral intentions to reduce soda and sugary drink consumption.