Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
ReviewAddressing cancer control needs of African-born immigrants in the US: a systematic literature review.
Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, African immigrants have worse cancer outcomes. However, there is little research about cancer behaviors and/or interventions in this growing population as they are generally grouped with populations from America or the Caribbean. This systematic review examines cancer-related studies that included African-born participants. ⋯ Barriers to screening included access (e.g. insurance), pragmatic (e.g. transportation), and psychosocial barriers (e.g. shame). Interventions to improve cancer outcomes in African immigrants are needed. Research that includes larger samples with diverse African subgroups including cancer survivors is necessary to inform future directions.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
ReviewA primer on the use of cluster analysis or factor analysis to assess co-occurrence of risk behaviors.
The aim of this paper is to provide a guideline to a universal understanding of the analysis of co-occurrence of risk behaviors. The use of cluster analysis and factor analysis was clarified. ⋯ By integrating theory and results from an illustrative example, a guideline has been provided that contributes towards a systematic approach in the assessment of co-occurrence of risk behaviors. Following this guideline, a better comparison between outcomes from various studies is expected, leading to improved effectiveness of multiple behavior change interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Association between self-reported physical activity and indicators of body composition in Malaysian adolescents.
Obesity and lack of physical activity are fast becoming a concern among Malaysian adolescents. ⋯ This study demonstrates that high physical activity scores were associated with the decreased precursor risk factors of obesity.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Comparative StudyIllicit substance use among university students from seven European countries: a comparison of personal and perceived peer use and attitudes towards illicit substance use.
To compare European students' personal use and approval of illicit substance use with their perceptions of peer behaviours and attitudes, and investigate whether perceptions of peer norms are associated with personal use of illicit substances and attitudes. ⋯ Students commonly perceived that their peers used illicit subtances more often than themselves. We found an association between the perceived peer norms/attitudes and reported individual behaviour/attitudes.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2014
Distinct associations of different sedentary behaviors with health-related attributes among older adults.
Leisure-time sedentary behaviors (LTSBs) have been associated adversely with health outcomes. However, limited research has focused on different categories of LTSB. We aimed at identifying categories of LTSBs and examining their separate associations with indices of health among Japanese older adults. ⋯ Two types of sedentary time-passive and mentally-active-may play different roles in older adults' well-being.