Preventive medicine
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The role of the built environment on walking in rural United States (U.S.) locations is not well characterized. We examined self-reported and measured built environment correlates of walking for utilitarian purposes among adult residents of small rural towns. ⋯ Environmental factors associated with utilitarian walking in cities and suburbs were important in small rural towns. Moreover, manufacturing land use was associated with utilitarian walking. Modifying the built environment of small towns could lead to increased walking in a sizeable segment of the U.S. population.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Observational StudyNon-melanoma skin cancer and NSAID use in women with a history of skin cancer in the Women's Health Initiative.
Evidence for the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) risk is inconsistent. We prospectively examined whether regular, inconsistent, or no/low-use of NSAIDs is associated with lower NMSC risk among 54,728 postmenopausal Caucasian women in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study enrolled between 1993 and 1998. ⋯ Overall, NSAID use was not associated with NMSC risk. However, in women with a history of skin cancer, regular NSAID use was associated with 18% lower odds of NMSC. Future studies on potential chemopreventative effects of NSAIDs should focus on subjects with prior history of NMSC.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
How does the emotive content of televised anti-smoking mass media campaigns influence monthly calls to the NHS Stop Smoking helpline in England?
To investigate the effects of different types of televised mass media campaign content on calls to the English NHS Stop Smoking helpline. ⋯ While positive campaigns were most effective at increasing quitline calls, those with negative emotive content were also found to impact on call rates but only at higher levels of exposure.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Comparative StudyHow far from home? The locations of physical activity in an urban U.S. setting.
Little is known about where physical activity (PA) occurs, or whether different demographic groups accumulate PA in different locations. ⋯ A large proportion of MVPA time is spent at "near" locations, corresponding to the home neighborhood studied in previous PA research. "Away" locations also host time spent in MVPA and should be the focus of future research.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2014
Comparative StudyImpact of trained champions of comprehensive school physical activity programs on school physical activity offerings, youth physical activity and sedentary behaviors.
A quasi-experimental cluster-controlled design was used to test the impact of comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) professional development on changes in school physical activity (PA) offerings, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviors of 9-14 year-old children during school. ⋯ This study provides preliminary evidence for CSPAP professional development programs to influence school-level PA offerings and offset student-level declines in MVPA and increases in sedentary behavior.