Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2014
Neighborhood environments and obesity among Afro-Caribbean, African American, and Non-Hispanic white adults in the United States: results from the National Survey of American Life.
To examine possible associations between perceived neighborhood environments and obesity among a U.S. nationally representative sample of Afro-Caribbean, African American, and Non-Hispanic white adults. ⋯ Providing parks, playgrounds, or open space or increasing the perception of those amenities may assist in the prevention of obesity, especially in ethnically diverse neighborhoods in the United States. More research is needed to investigate how perceptions of the neighborhood environment influence obesity and whether perceptions of the neighborhood environment differ between individuals within the same neighborhoods.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyEffectiveness of a school-based multi-component smoking prevention intervention: the LdP cluster randomized controlled trial.
We assessed the effectiveness of the Luoghi di Prevenzione-Prevention Grounds school-based smoking prevention programme. ⋯ The Luoghi di Prevenzione-Prevention Grounds programme was effective in reducing daily smokers and in reducing smoking in school areas.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2014
Comparative StudyHousehold physical activity and mortality in older adults: a national cohort study in Spain.
To examine the association between household physical activity (HPA) and all-cause mortality in a cohort of older adults from Spain, and the role of sedentary time on this association. ⋯ In women, HPA is associated with reduced mortality regardless of sitting time. HPA may also contribute to longer survival among men with longer sitting time.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialThe 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids' community randomized controlled trial: a community-based healthy lifestyle program for fathers and their children.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the 'Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids (HDHK)' program when delivered by trained facilitators in community settings. ⋯ HDHK significantly improved health outcomes and behaviors in fathers and children, providing evidence for program effectiveness when delivered in a community setting.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2014
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyBudget impact and cost-utility analysis of universal infant rotavirus vaccination in Spain.
Rotavirus is not included in the Spanish mass infant vaccination schedule but has also not been economically evaluated for its inclusion. We analysed cost-utility of the universal infant rotavirus vaccination using RotaTeq® versus no vaccination in Spain. We also carried out a budget impact analysis and determined the effect on results of different variables introduced in the model. ⋯ The introduction of the vaccination using RotaTeq® as a universal infant vaccination would increase the annual health care budget in 10.43 million euro and would result in a gain of an additional Quality Adjusted Life Year at a cost of 280,338€ from the healthcare system perspective and 210,167€ from the societal perspective. The model was stable to variable modifications. To sum up, according to our model and estimates, the introduction of a universal infant rotavirus vaccination with RotaTeq® in Spain would cause a large impact on the health care budget and would not be efficient unless significant variations in vaccine price, vaccine efficacy and/or utilities took place.