Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
Review Meta AnalysisImproving diet and physical activity to reduce population prevalence of overweight and obesity: an overview of current evidence.
The aim of this study is to provide an overview of interventions to reduce or prevent overweight or obesity and improve diet or physical activity. ⋯ Various individually targeted interventions were shown to reduce body weight, although effect sizes were typically modest, and the durability of effects has been questioned. New approaches to evaluating population-based interventions, such as taxes and regulation, are recommended. Future research modelling the long-term effects of interventions across the lifespan would also be beneficial.
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
ReviewEarly childhood physical activity, sedentary behaviors and psychosocial well-being: a systematic review.
Little is known about how health behaviors such as physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) may be associated with psychosocial well-being during the crucial early childhood period. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review of associations between PA, SB and psychosocial well-being during early childhood. ⋯ Too few studies exist to draw conclusions regarding associations. Future high-quality cohort and intervention studies are warranted particularly investigating dose-response associations.
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialParticipant characteristics and intervention processes associated with reductions in television viewing in the High Five for Kids study.
To evaluate the High Five for Kids intervention effect on television within subgroups, examine participant characteristics associated with process measures and assess perceived helpfulness of television intervention components. ⋯ Clinic-based motivational interviewing reduces television viewing in children. Low cost education approaches (e.g., printed materials) may be well-received. Parents of children at higher obesity risk could be more motivated to reduce television.
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
Feasibility of a patient decision aid about lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography.
New clinical guidelines endorse the use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) for lung cancer screening among selected heavy smokers while recommending patients be counseled about the potential benefits and harms. We developed and field tested a brief, video-based patient decision aid about lung cancer screening. ⋯ Patients have high information needs related to lung cancer screening. A video-based decision aid may be helpful in promoting informed decision-making, but its impact on lung cancer screening decisions needs to be explored.
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Preventive medicine · May 2014
Predictors of health-related behaviour change in parents of overweight children in England.
Providing parents with information about their child's overweight status (feedback) could prompt them to make lifestyle changes for their children. We assessed whether parents of overweight children intend to or change behaviours following feedback, and examined predictors of these transitions. ⋯ Parental recognition of child overweight predicts behavioural intentions. However, intentions do not necessarily translate into behaviours; interventions that aim to change intentions may have limited benefits.