Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2014
Spinning the wheels and rolling the dice: life-cycle risks and benefits of bicycle commuting in the U.S.
To assess the net impact on U.S. longevity of the decision to commute by bicycle rather than automobile. ⋯ The lifetime health benefits of bicycle commuting appear to outweigh the risks in the U.S., but individuals who sufficiently discount or disbelieve the health benefits may delay or avoid bicycling. Bicycling in middle age avoids much fatality risk while capturing health benefits. Significant cross-state variations in bicycling mortality suggest that improvements in the built environment might spur changes in transit mode.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialA randomized comparative effectiveness study of Healthy Directions 2--a multiple risk behavior intervention for primary care.
To evaluate the effectiveness of the Healthy Directions 2 (HD2) intervention in the primary care setting. ⋯ Self-guided and coached intervention conditions had equivalent levels of effect in reducing multiple chronic disease risk factors, were relatively low cost, and thus are potentially useful for routine implementation in similar health settings.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2014
Review Meta AnalysisTelehealth interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
To assess the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adult patients in community settings. ⋯ There is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of telehealth interventions in reducing overall CVD risk. More studies are needed that consistently measure overall CVD risk, directly compare different telehealth interventions, and determine cost effectiveness of telehealth interventions for prevention of CVD.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialTheory-based behavioral intervention increases self-reported physical activity in South African men: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.
To determine whether a health-promotion intervention increases South African men's adherence to physical-activity guidelines. ⋯ A theory-based culturally congruent intervention increased South African men's self-reported physical activity, a key contributor to deaths from non-communicable diseases in South Africa.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2014
Randomized Controlled TrialInvolving community stakeholders to increase park use and physical activity.
The aim of this study is to describe implementation of a randomized controlled trial of community-based participatory research (CBPR) approaches to increase park use and physical activity across 33 diverse neighborhoods in Los Angeles. ⋯ Scaling up CBPR methods across diverse communities involved tradeoffs. CBPR is useful for tailoring research and enhancing community impact and sustainability, but more work is needed to understand how to conduct multi-site trials across diverse settings using CBPR.