Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2014
Employment and risk of injection drug use initiation among street involved youth in Canadian setting.
Youth unemployment has been associated with labour market and health disparities. However, employment as a determinant of high-risk health behaviour among marginalized young people has not been well described. We sought to assess a potential relationship between employment status and initiation of intravenous drug use among a prospective cohort of street-involved youth. ⋯ A lack of employment among street-involved youth was associated with the initiation of injection drug use, a practice that predisposes individuals to serious long-term health consequences. Future research should examine if reducing barriers to labour market involvement among street-involved youth prevents transitions into high-risk drug use.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2014
ReviewDriving towards obesity: a systematized literature review on the association between motor vehicle travel time and distance and weight status in adults.
Higher levels of sedentary behavior are associated with adverse health outcomes. Over-reliance on private motor vehicles for transportation is a potential contributor to the obesity epidemic. The objective of this study was to review evidence on the relationship between motor vehicle travel distance and time and weight status among adults. ⋯ Multilevel interventions that make alternatives to driving private motor vehicles more convenient, such as walking and cycling, are needed to promote healthy weight in the adult population.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2014
Observational StudyPhysical and social home environment in relation to children's overall and home-based physical activity and sedentary time.
Given the obesity epidemic, it is critical to understand factors associated with youth physical activity and sedentary behavior at home, where youth spend significant time. We examined relationships between these child behaviors and home environment factors. ⋯ Physical and social home environment variables, especially when combined, were related to more child MVPA and less sedentary behavior. Results support addressing multiple home environment factors in childhood obesity prevention.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2014
Is exercise used as medicine? Association of meeting strength training guidelines and functional limitations among older US adults.
To determine the association between meeting strength training guidelines (≥2 times per week) and the presence of functional limitations among older adults. ⋯ Strength training is uncommon among older adults and even less common among those who need it the most. The potential for strength training to improve the public's health is therefore substantial, as those who have the most to gain from strength training participate the least.
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Preventive medicine · Sep 2014
Neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation predicts weight gain in a multi-ethnic population: longitudinal data from the Dallas Heart Study.
The aim of this study is to examine a relationship between neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation and weight change in a multi-ethnic cohort from Dallas County, Texas and whether behavioral/psychosocial factors attenuate the relationship. ⋯ Living in more socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods over a longer time period was associated with weight gain in DHS.