Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Impact of the 5As brief counseling on smoking cessation among pregnant clients of Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics in Ohio.
We assessed whether smoking cessation improved among pregnant smokers who attended Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Supplemental Nutrition Program clinics trained to implement a brief smoking cessation counseling intervention, the 5As: ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange. ⋯ Training all Ohio WIC clinics to deliver the 5As may promote quitting among pregnant smokers, and thus is an important strategy to improve maternal and child health outcomes.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Point-of-sale tobacco marketing in rural and urban Ohio: Could the new landscape of Tobacco products widen inequalities?
Considerable research has examined how cigarette point-of-sale advertising is closely related to smoking-related disparities across communities. Yet few studies have examined marketing of alternative tobacco products (e.g., e-cigarettes). The goal of the present study was to examine external point-of-sale marketing of various tobacco products and determine its association with community-level demographics (population density, economic-disadvantage, race/ethnicity) in urban and rural regions of Ohio. ⋯ A greater variety of products were also advertised outside retailers in urban, high-disadvantage, African American communities. Findings provide evidence of differential tobacco marketing at the external point-of-sale, which disproportionately targets urban, economically-disadvantaged, and African American communities. There is a need for tobacco control policies that will help improve equity and reduce health disparities.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
The burden of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Europe. A significant prevention deficit.
The study objective was to assess the burden of major cardiovascular disease (CVD) behavioral risk factors (BRFs) (i.e., smoking, excess body weight, physical inactivity, risky alcohol consumption) among individuals in the community with and without CVD history. ⋯ Study findings suggest that a significant burden of behavioral risk factors for CVD remains in the population overall but also among patients diagnosed with CVD. Given the significant prevalence of BRFs, the prevention benefits would be immense for all stakeholders involved and negligence would be perilous.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Prevalence of physical activity in European adults - Compliance with the World Health Organization's physical activity guidelines.
Adults are recommended to engage in at least 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA). ⋯ Although about 60% of European adults reported achieving the recommended levels of PA, there is much room for improvement among European adults, particularly among relatively inactive subgroups.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2015
Burden of type 2 diabetes in Mexico: past, current and future prevalence and incidence rates.
Mexico diabetes prevalence has increased dramatically in recent years. However, no national incidence estimates exist, hampering the assessment of diabetes trends and precluding the development of burden of disease analyses to inform public health policy decision-making. Here we provide evidence regarding current magnitude of diabetes in Mexico and its future trends. ⋯ Diabetes prevalence in Mexico will continue to increase even if current incidence rates remain unchanged. Continued implementation of policies to reduce obesity rates, increase physical activity, and improve population diet, in tandem with diabetes surveillance and other risk control measures is paramount to substantially reduce the burden of diabetes in Mexico.