Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2015
ReviewImplementation of school based physical activity interventions: a systematic review.
Implementation science is an emerging area in physical activity (PA) research. We sought to establish the current state of the evidence related to implementation of school-based PA models to explore 1) the relationship between implementation and health outcomes, and 2) factors that influence implementation. ⋯ Implementation evaluation supports scale-up of effective school-based PA interventions and thus population-level change. Our review serves as a call to action to 1) address the link between implementation and outcome within the school-based PA literature and 2) improve and standardize definitions and measurement of implementation.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2015
Greater frequency of nut consumption is associated with lower prevalence of peripheral arterial disease.
Nut consumption has been associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease and all-cause mortality. The association between nut intake and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is uncertain. ⋯ These observations suggest the need for more rigorous testing evaluating the role of nuts in PAD prevention.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2015
Review Meta AnalysisThe effect of walking on risk factors for cardiovascular disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials.
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials that examined the effect of walking on risk factors for cardiovascular disease. ⋯ Walking interventions improve many risk factors for cardiovascular disease. This underscores the central role of walking in physical activity for health promotion.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialMediation of effects of a theory-based behavioral intervention on self-reported physical activity in South African men.
Increasing physical activity is an important public-health goal worldwide, but there are few published mediation analyses of physical-activity interventions in low-to-middle-income countries like South Africa undergoing a health transition involving markedly increased mortality from non-communicable diseases. This article reports secondary analyses on the mediation of a theory-of-planned-behavior-based behavioral intervention that increased self-reported physical activity in a trial with 1181 men in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. ⋯ The results suggest that interventions targeting theory-of-planned-behavior constructs may contribute to efforts to increase physical activity to reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases among South African men.
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In clinical practice, behavioral approaches to obesity treatment focus heavily on diet and exercise recommendations. However, these approaches may not be effective for patients with disordered eating behaviors. Little is known about the prevalence of disordered eating behaviors in primary care patients with obesity or whether they affect difficulty making dietary changes. ⋯ Disordered eating behaviors are prevalent among obese primary care patients and disproportionately affect women, Caucasians, and patients with poor QOL. These eating behaviors may impair patients' ability to make clinically recommended dietary changes. Clinicians should consider screening for disordered eating behaviors and tailoring obesity treatment accordingly.