Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Oct 2016
Magazine hyped: Trends in tobacco advertising and readership characteristics, 2010-2014.
We tracked magazine advertisements for seven tobacco products in U. S. magazines from 2010 to 2014 and examined magazine readership characteristics that are associated with advertising placement in 2014. Advertising data came from Kantar Media's Intelligence and readership data came from a 2014 Experian's nationally representative survey of 4667 adult tobacco users. ⋯ For every 10% increase in readers who earn ≤$24,999, advertisement rate increased by 1.37 times for cigarettes and 1.70 times for e-cigarettes. Magazine tobacco advertising has increased especially for cigarettes and is targeted toward certain demographic subgroups. Regulating tobacco magazine advertising should be integral to tobacco control policies.
-
Preventive medicine · Oct 2016
Melanoma burden and recent trends among non-Hispanic whites aged 15-49years, United States.
Melanoma is among the most common cancers for adolescents and young adults. Updated information on melanoma among adults <50 is needed. The objective of this study was to examine invasive melanoma in the United States among people aged 15-49years for the group at highest risk, non-Hispanic whites. ⋯ Melanomas were most commonly diagnosed on the trunk and lower extremity among females and on the trunk and upper extremity among males. Increases in melanoma incidence among non-Hispanic whites aged 15-49years across various thicknesses suggest that melanoma trends are not solely related to increased screening but are, in part, related to true increases. Declines in melanoma rates of about 3% a year from the mid-2000s to 2012 in the youngest age groups offer hope that melanoma incidence may decline in future generations.
-
Preventive medicine · Oct 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialTraining fast or slow? Exercise for depression: A randomized controlled trial.
Exercise can be used to treat depression but there is a lack of evidence regarding the optimal intensity and mode. Our aim was to compare the effects of different exercise intensities on post-treatment depression severity. People aged 18-67years with mild to moderate depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score of ≥10) participated in a single-blind, parallel randomized control trial lasting 12-weeks (Sweden 2011-2013). ⋯ At post-treatment, the light (-4.05 Confidence Interval (CI)=-5.94, -2.17), moderate (-2.08 CI=-3.98, -0.18) and vigorous exercise groups (-3.13 CI=-5.07, -1.19) had reduced their MADRS scores significantly more than TAU. No significant differences were found between the exercise groups, and no significant interaction effect was observed between group and gender. In conclusion, exercise, whether performed at a low (yoga or similar), moderate or vigorous intensity (aerobic training) is effective in treating mild to moderate depression and is at least as effective as treatment as usual by a physician.
-
Preventive medicine · Oct 2016
Physical activity and quality of life in older women with a history of depressive symptoms.
Physical activity (PA) is positively associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL) in older adults. It is not evident whether this association applies to older adults with poor mental health. This study examined associations between PA and HRQL in older women with a history of depressive symptoms. ⋯ For women in their 70s-80s with a history of depressive symptoms, PA is positively associated with HRQL concurrently, and to a lesser extent prospectively. This study extends previous work by showing significant associations in older women with a history of depressive symptoms. Incorporating PA into depression management of older women may improve their HRQL.
-
Preventive medicine · Oct 2016
Integrating worksite health protection and health promotion: A conceptual model for intervention and research.
There is increasing recognition of the value added by integrating traditionally separate efforts to protect and promote worker safety and health. This paper presents an innovative conceptual model to guide research on determinants of worker safety and health and to inform the design, implementation and evaluation of integrated approaches to promoting and protecting worker health. This model is rooted in multiple theories and the premise that the conditions of work are important determinants of individual safety and health outcomes and behaviors, and outcomes important to enterprises such as absence and turnover. ⋯ Findings from two recent studies conducted in Boston and Minnesota (2009-2015) illustrate the application of this model to guide social epidemiological research. This paper focuses particular attention on the relationships of the conditions of work to worker health-related behaviors, musculoskeletal symptoms, and occupational injury; and to the design of integrated interventions in response to specific settings and conditions of work of small and medium size manufacturing businesses, based on a systematic assessment of priorities, needs, and resources within an organization. This model provides an organizing framework for both research and practice by specifying the causal pathways through which work may influence health outcomes, and for designing and testing interventions to improve worker safety and health that are meaningful for workers and employers, and responsive to that setting's conditions of work.