Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2017
Review Meta AnalysisGlobal participation in sport and leisure-time physical activities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This review aimed to determine the most popular physical activities performed by children, adolescents, and adults globally. Statistic bureau websites and article databases Scopus, ProQuest, SPORTDiscus, and Science Direct were searched between November 17th, 2014 and April 31st, 2015. Eligible studies were published in the last 10years with participation rates for specific physical activities among individuals five years or older. ⋯ Global data for adults reflects a consistent pattern of participation in running and walking. Among all age groups and regions soccer was popular. In children and adolescents, preferences were variable between regions.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2017
ReviewStrength of obesity prevention interventions in early care and education settings: A systematic review.
2010-2015; INTERNATIONAL: Given the high levels of obesity in young children, numbers of children in out-of-home care, and data suggesting a link between early care and education (ECE) participation and overweight/obesity, obesity prevention in ECE settings is critical. As the field has progressed, a number of interventions have been reviewed yet there is a need to summarize the data using more sophisticated analyses to answer questions on the effectiveness of interventions. We conducted a systematic review of obesity prevention interventions in center-based ECE settings published between 2010 and 2015. ⋯ Relationships between intervention strength and behavioral outcomes demonstrated negative relationships for all behavioral outcomes. Specific components of intervention strength (number of intervention strategies, potential impact of strategies, frequency of use, and duration of intervention) were correlated with some of the anthropometric and parent engagement outcomes. The review provided tentative evidence that multi-component, multi-level ECE interventions with parental engagement are most likely to be effective with anthropometric outcomes.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2017
ReviewChild-resistant and tamper-resistant packaging: A systematic review to inform tobacco packaging regulation.
We aimed to investigate the effects of special packaging (child-resistant, adult-friendly) and tamper-resistant packaging on health and behavioral outcomes in order to identify research gaps and implications for packaging standards for tobacco products. ⋯ Child-resistant packaging holds the expectation to reduce tobacco product poisonings among children under six.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2017
ReviewUsing cost-effectiveness analysis to prioritize policy and programmatic approaches to physical activity promotion and obesity prevention in childhood.
Participation in recommended levels of physical activity promotes a healthy body weight and reduced chronic disease risk. To inform investment in prevention initiatives, we simulate the national implementation, impact on physical activity and childhood obesity and associated cost-effectiveness (versus the status quo) of six recommended strategies that can be applied throughout childhood to increase physical activity in US school, afterschool and childcare settings. In 2016, the Childhood Obesity Intervention Cost Effectiveness Study (CHOICES) systematic review process identified six interventions for study. ⋯ All of the six interventions are estimated to increase physical activity levels among children and adolescents in the US population and prevent cases of childhood obesity. Results do not include other impacts of increased physical activity, including cognitive and behavioral effects. Decision-makers can use these methods to inform prioritization of physical activity promotion and obesity prevention on policy agendas.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2017
Changes in heavy drinking following onset of health problems in a U.S. general population sample.
Heavy episodic drinking is a well-established risk factor for heart disease, diabetes, certain cancers, stroke, hypertension and injuries, however, little is known about whether health problems precipitate changes in subsequent drinking patterns. Retrospective cohort analyses of heavy drinking by decade were conducted using data from the 2010 U. S. ⋯ Increased heavy drinking following a cancer diagnosis was significant among women and Whites. Future studies on alcohol's heath and mortality risks should take into consideration effects of health problems on drinking patterns. Additionally, study results support increased prevention efforts targeting heavy drinking among cancer survivors, especially White women, and individuals with or being treated for hypertension.