Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2020
Household food insecurity and preschool suspension/expulsion in the United States.
Food insecurity is a serious public health concern, affecting approximately 15 million children in the U. S. alone. Exposure to household food insecurity has been linked to a host of deleterious outcomes among infants and children, including mental and behavioral health outcomes. ⋯ Additional analyses revealed that a large portion of this association was attenuated upon accounting for parenting stress and child mental health. Trauma-informed nutrition assistance programming as well as early mental health assessment and consultation may yield collateral benefits in the form of reductions in preschool suspension/expulsion. Given the findings, moreover, future research should consider the role of household food insecurity in contributing to health inequities that perpetuate the school-to-prison pipeline.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2020
Observational StudyLongitudinal effects of a nationwide lifestyle intervention program on cardiometabolic outcomes in Japan: An observational cohort study.
The Japanese government launched a nationwide health screening and lifestyle intervention program in 2008 to prevent and reduce metabolic syndrome in at-risk individuals. This study examined the longitudinal effects of the program's lifestyle interventions on metabolic outcomes using health insurance data from one prefecture. The study population comprised 16,317 individuals aged 40-74 years who met the recommendation criteria for the interventions between 2009 and 2015. ⋯ The aHRs (95%CI) for metabolic syndrome incidence were 0.84 (0.75-0.94), 0.80 (0.71-0.91), and 0.67 (0.51-0.89) for overall, motivational, and intensive interventions, respectively. The interventions reduced body mass index and waist circumference, but had modest effects on blood lipids, blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c levels; blood pressure was unaffected. These interventions represent an effective strategy to prevent the progression of preclinical metabolic syndrome, but further studies are needed to evaluate their long-term preventive effects on cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2020
Are perceptions of government intervention for prevention different by gender and age? Results from the AUStralian perceptions of prevention survey (AUSPOPS).
Understanding public opinion and community attitudes is needed to help the implementation of chronic disease prevention policies that are acceptable to the population. The AUStralian Perceptions Of Prevention Survey ('AUSPOPS') is a national survey designed to provide evidence on the views of Australians regarding government intervention for prevention. However there is limited evidence whether age and gender have modifying effects on attitudes about prevention. ⋯ There is general support in the Australian community for government intervention for prevention. Policymakers could capitalize on this sentiment by prioritizing policies with high levels of support across all groups, and target population subgroups on issues where acceptability appears to be heterogenous.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2020
Unemployment insurance program accessibility and suicide rates in the United States.
Unemployment is a risk factor for suicide. Unemployment insurance is the primary policy tool in the United States for alleviating the burden of unemployment on individuals. Our objective was to estimate the effect of state unemployment insurance accessibility on suicide rates, and effect modification by sociodemographic factors and unemployment rate. ⋯ We assessed effect modification by the state-level unemployment rate, educational attainment, age, gender, and race. Based on fully adjusted models, potential protective effects of higher unemployment insurance recipiency rates appear to be small and restricted to demographic groups at higher risk of suicide including men, non-Hispanic White Americans, and those 45-64 years of age. These groups also generally have higher UI recipiency rates, therefore differences in subgroup estimates may reflect variations in eligibility policies and accessibility of UI programs.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2020
Disability incidence from 2003-2015: Longitudinal analysis of the contributions of excess BMI and cigarette smoking.
Downward trends in U. S. disability levels are stagnating. Assessing the key contributors to U. ⋯ S. disability incidence. Obesity and smoking are key contributors to disability, accounting for 17-38% of incident disability in U. S. adults.