Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
The role of trust in the likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 vaccine: Results from a national survey.
High acceptance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is instrumental to ending the pandemic. Vaccine acceptance by subgroups of the population depends on their trust in COVID-19 vaccines. We surveyed a probability-based internet panel of 7832 adults from December 23, 2020-January 19, 2021 about their likelihood of getting a COVID-19 vaccine and the following domains of trust: an individual's generalized trust, trust in COVID-19 vaccine's efficacy and safety, trust in the governmental approval process and general vaccine development process for COVID-19 vaccines, trust in their physician about COVID-19, and trust in other sources about COVID-19. ⋯ Lack of trust in the vaccine approval and development processes explained most of the demographic variation in stated vaccination likelihood, while other domains of trust explained less variation. We conclude that hesitancy for COVID-19 vaccines is high overall and among at-risk subgroups, and hesitancy is strongly tied to trust in the vaccine approval and development processes. Building trust is critical to ending the pandemic.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Lifecourse socioeconomic position and diabetes incidence in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, 2003 to 2016.
Low socioeconomic position (SEP) across the lifecourse is associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We examined whether these economic disparities differ by race and sex. We included 5448 African American (AA) and white participants aged ≥45 years from the national (United States) REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort without T2DM at baseline (2003-07). ⋯ T2DM risk was similar for stable low SEP and increased for downward mobility when compared with stable high SEP in both groups, whereas upward mobility increased T2DM risk among AAs only. No differences by sex were observed. Among AAs, low CSEP was not independently associated with T2DM, but CSEP may shape later-life experiences and health risks.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Examining differences in prescription opioid use behaviors among U.S. adults with and without disabilities.
We aimed to identify differences in prescription opioid-related behaviors between adults with and without disabilities in the U. S. We analyzed data from the 2015-2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (128,740 individuals; weighted N of 244,831,740) to examine disability-based differences in (1) reasons and sources of last prescription opioid misuse and, in multivariate models overall and stratified by disability, the likelihood of (2) prescription opioid use, and if used, (3) misuse and prescription opioid use disorder (OUD), overall and stratified by disability. ⋯ To reduce risk of opioid misuse among people with disabilities, accessible and inclusive chronic pain management services are essential. Further, the substance use treatment field should provide accessible and inclusive services, and be aware of the need for pain management by many people with disabilities, which may include the use of prescription opioids. These findings highlight essential opportunities for public health and policies to improve access, accommodations, and quality of health and behavioral health care for people with disabilities, and to encourage a holistic perspective of people with disabilities and their needs.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Re-evaluating Perinatal Group B Streptococcal screening in Israel - Is it time for a change in policy?
Group B streptococcal early-onset disease (EOGBSD) is a significant cause of morbidity and fatality in newborns. Current policy in Israel is risk-based management. Our aim was to re-evaluate the current screening policy for Group B Streptococcus (GBS), considering colonization and prevalence rates and costs estimates. ⋯ Universal culture-based screening was found to be 50% less costly than the current risk-based policy, and would have prevented 20.29 per 100,000 cases. Universal GBS culture-based screening was found to be more cost-effective, compared to the current policy and screening behaviors. Due to the clinical and economic benefits, we recommend that a change in policy should be considered.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Self-rated mental health among sexual health service clients during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, British Columbia, Canada.
We investigated self-reported mental health during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-May 2020), using a survey of HIV-testing and sexual health service clients from British Columbia, Canada (N = 1198). Over half (55%) reported their mental health as poor at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, more than double that of the general Canadian population in the same time frame (22%). Acknowledging that this burden of poor mental health that is likely to persist in the coming years, we propose that sexual health clinics should facilitate access to mental health supports as a low-barrier point of primary care contact.