Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialInfluence of package colour, branding and health warnings on appeal and perceived harm of cannabis products among respondents in Canada and the US.
'Plain packaging' and health warnings can reduce appeal and increase risk perceptions of tobacco products. This study tested the effect of health warnings and restricted brand imagery on perceptions of cannabis products. Participants in Canada and the US (n = 45,378) were randomized to view packages of three cannabis brands in 2019. ⋯ Message recall was significantly higher for Canadian versus US health warnings, and for the US warning versus no warning (p < 0.001). Message recall was greater among those who saw plain versus fully branded packages for two of the three warning messages (p < 0.01). Prominent health warnings and restrictions on brand imagery may be warranted in jurisdictions considering non-medical cannabis legalization.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Observational StudySymptomology following mRNA vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
Despite demonstrated efficacy of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), widespread hesitancy to vaccination persists. Improved knowledge regarding frequency, severity, and duration of vaccine-associated symptoms may help reduce hesitancy. In this prospective observational study, we studied 1032 healthcare workers who received both doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine and completed post-vaccine symptom surveys both after dose 1 and after dose 2. ⋯ We conclude that most post-vaccine symptoms are reportedly mild and last <2 days. Appreciable post-vaccine symptoms are associated with female sex, prior COVID-19, younger age, and hypertension. This information can aid clinicians in advising patients on the safety and expected symptomatology associated with vaccination.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Cost-effectiveness of stop smoking incentives for medicaid-enrolled pregnant women.
Maternal smoking increases mortality and morbidity risks for both mother and infant. The First Breath Wisconsin study examined the cost-effectiveness of providing incentives to pregnant women who smoked to engage in stop smoking treatment. Participants (N = 1014) were Medicaid-enrolled pregnant women recruited from September 2012 to April 2015 through public health departments, private, and community health clinics in Wisconsin. ⋯ The ICER of financial incentives was $3399 (95% CI $2228 to $8509) per additional woman who was tobacco abstinent at 6 months post-birth. The ICER was lower ($2518 vs $4760) for women who did not live with another smoker. This study shows use of financial incentives for stop smoking treatment is a cost-effective option for low-income pregnant women who smoke.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialAdherence with protocol medication use and mortality from unrelated causes in a prevention trial.
Several studies have shown that non-adherence to medication use is associated with lower use of preventive services and increased mortality. We aimed to study the relationship between initial adherence to medication use and mortality in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT). The PCPT randomized men age 55 and over to a finasteride or placebo arm. ⋯ Hazard ratios (HRs) at 5 years were 1.62 (95% CI: 1.37-1.91), 1.55 (95% CI: 1.30-1.83) and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.25-1.76) for Models I-III. HRs at ten years were lower but still statistically significant. Non-adherence to taking protocol medications was associated with increased mortality from unrelated conditions.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Prospective associations between sedentary behavior and physical activity in adolescence and sleep duration in adulthood.
The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate whether sedentary screen time (SST) and physical activity in adolescence were related to sleep duration in adulthood and whether these associations varied by sex. We analyzed data from 9279 adolescents who participated in Waves I and V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) in the United States. SST was measured by reported hours spent watching television/videos or playing video/computer games per week. ⋯ The association between 22 or more hours per week SST in adolescence and later short sleep varied by sex (RRR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58-0.95) and was significantly stronger among males. Measures of physical activity in adolescence did not predict sleep duration. Decreasing adolescents' SST to prevent suboptimal sleep later in development may be a target for further investigation, particularly for males.