Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Gender gap in health service utilisation and outcomes of depression: A cross-country longitudinal analysis of European middle-aged and older adults.
Research has shown that health service utilisation for depression (HSUD) is less common among men than women. However, most evidence is cross-sectional, and there is limited information about gendered outcomes of depression. This cross-country study assesses gender differences in HSUD and in the persistence of depression by using cross-sectional and longitudinal data. ⋯ Among those without HSUD, depression was more likely to persist among women (45.4%, OR = 0.79, 99%CI = 0.78-0.79). Results suggest that cross-sectional analyses underestimate men's disadvantage in HSUD. Interventions are needed to improve the demand for care and treatment adequacy among men, increasing their perception of need and their mental health literacy.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Follow-up after abnormal cervical cancer screening in immigrants compared with Danish-born women - A nationwide register study.
Cervical cancer screening is offered free-of-charge to women aged 23-64 years in Denmark. Immigrants participate less in screening than Danish-born women, but little is known about their participation in follow-up after abnormal screening results. In this registry-based cohort study, we examined the likelihood of timely follow-up after an abnormal cervical cytology in immigrants from different countries and regions compared with Danish-born women. ⋯ The differences between immigrants and Danish-born women remained when adjusting for age, year, income, employment and marital status. In conclusion, immigrants from most countries and regions were slightly less likely than Danish-born women to receive timely follow-up after abnormal cervical cytology, also after adjusting for socioeconomic differences. Efforts should be made to improve follow-up of abnormal screening results in immigrant groups with low attendance.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Participation in organized sport and disruptive behavior in childhood: A prospective, population-based study.
Child disruptive behavior refers to ongoing patterns of disorganized, uncooperative, and defiant behavior. Sport involvement promotes positive child development. However, few longitudinal studies have tested the association between organized sport participation and the behavioral components of disruptive behavior. ⋯ No other associations were statistically significant. Inattentive children who participated less in organized sport showed a greater likelihood toward increases in attention deficit by the end of sixth grade. To improve engagement from these children, coaches and trainers should use strategies that support positive experiences such as developing a one-to-one alliance with the child, favoring social cooperation through team spirit, and focusing on the performance experience rather than the outcome of winning or losing.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Clustering of obesity-related characteristics: A latent class analysis from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.
Measures of obesity, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), do not fully capture the complexity of obesity-related health risks. This study identified distinct classes of obesity-related characteristics and evaluated their associations with BMI, WC, and percent body fat (%BF) using cross-sectional data from 30,096 participants aged 45-85 in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2011-2015). Sixteen obesity-related variables, including behavioural, metabolic, physical health, and mental health/social factors, were included in a latent class analysis to identify distinct classes of participants. ⋯ Compared to "low-risk", all classes had increased odds of BMI-, WC- and %BF-defined obesity. For example, the "complex and multiple risk" class was associated with obesity by BMI (OR: 10.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.51, 12.04), WC (OR: 9.21, 95% CI: 8,15, 10,41) and %BF (OR: 7.54, 95% CI: 6.21, 9.16). Distinct classes of obesity-related characteristics were identified and were strongly associated with obesity defined by multiple measures.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Physical activity and cutaneous melanoma risk: A Norwegian population-based cohort study.
Physical activity (PA) is an important factor in cancer prevention, but positive association between PA and risk of cutaneous melanoma found in recent studies may complicate this strategy. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure during outdoor PA is a plausible explanation for a positive association. We investigated the associations between PA, UVR and melanoma risk in the Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort. ⋯ Seasonal PAs were not associated with melanoma risk. In conclusion, we found positive associations between overall PA and sunbathing vacations and indoor tanning, and, unlike literature, inverse association between overall PA and sunburns. Our results do not support a positive association between PA and melanoma risk in Norwegian women.