Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
U.S. adults noticing and using menu calorie information: Analysis of the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey Data.
FDA's Menu Labeling Final Rule requires covered establishments provide calorie information on menus or menu boards, among other requirements. This study describes correlates of noticing and using menu calorie information in a nationally representative sample of U. S. adults before implementation of the Final Rule in May 2018. ⋯ Men with, versus without, calorie knowledge were twice as likely to report noticing menu calorie information (adjusted OR 2.23 95% CI 1.51, 3.29). Findings suggest behavioral response to menu calorie information varies and most individuals who notice the information respond by ordering less in ways that could reduce caloric intake. Future analyses could compare noticing and using menu calorie information before and after menu labeling implementation to assess the effect of policy on population behaviors.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Nonlinear relationship between nonresidential destinations and body mass index across a wide range of development.
Destination accessibility is an important measure of the built environment that is associated with active transport and body mass index (BMI). In higher density settings, an inverse association has been consistently found, but in lower density settings, findings are limited. We previously found a positive relationship between the density of nonresidential destinations (NRD) and BMI in a low-density state. We sought to test the generalizability of this unexpected finding using data from six other states that include a broader range of settlement densities. ⋯ BMI peaked in the middle density, with lower values in both the low and high-density extremes. These results suggest that the mechanisms by which NRDs are associated with obesity may differ by density level.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
E-cigarette initiation predicts subsequent academic performance among youth: Results from the PATH Study.
Research shows cigarette smoking is associated with lower academic performance among youth. This study examines how initiating e-cigarette use is associated with subsequent academic performance. Data from Waves 2-4 youth and parent surveys of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were analyzed. ⋯ Results indicate that e-cigarette use initiation is associated with lower subsequent academic performance, independent from the association between cigarette use initiation and lower academic performance among U. S. youth. Future research needs to examine whether preventing youth e-cigarette and cigarette use can lead to improvement in academic performance.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Prenatal cannabis use disorder and future risk of road traffic injuries in Canadian children.
The extent to which child traffic injuries may be attributed to parents who use cannabis before driving is unknown. We investigated whether prenatal cannabis use disorders may predict future road traffic injuries in children. We conducted a cohort study of 792,082 children in Quebec, Canada with 6,280,663 years of follow-up between 2006 and 2019. ⋯ The risk increased with the child's age. Prenatal cocaine, opioid, and other drug use disorders were not associated with pediatric transport-related injuries. Maternal cannabis use disorders before birth may be an early predictor of childhood injuries from motor vehicle crashes.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Mental health and economic stressors associated with high-risk drinking and increased alcohol consumption early in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
Physical distancing measures to curb COVID-19 transmission introduced mental health and economic stressors, possibly impacting problematic drinking. This cross-sectional study examines mental health and economic stressors early in the COVID-19 pandemic which may be associated with heavy alcohol use and increased alcohol use. We administered an online survey of U. ⋯ Previous mental health diagnosis was not significantly associated with high-risk drinking during the pandemic (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = (0.98, 1.76)) in univariable analysis. High-risk drinkers were almost six times as likely to report retrospective assessments of increased alcohol consumption, controlling for mental health and economic stressors (OR = 5.97, 95% CI = (4.35, 8.32)). Findings suggest a need for targeted interventions to address the complex mental health and economic stressors that may increase alcohol consumption and high-risk drinking during and after the pandemic.