Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Gender disparities in difficulty accessing healthcare and cost-related medication non-adherence: The CDC behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS) survey.
Ensuring healthcare access is critical to maintain health and prevent illness. Studies demonstrate gender disparities in healthcare access. Less is known about how these vary with age, race/ethnicity, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. ⋯ Women were less likely to report lack of healthcare coverage: 0.71 (0.66, 0.75) [p < 0.001] and not having a primary care physician: 0.50 (0.48, 0.52) [p < 0.001]. Disparities were pronounced in younger (<45 years) and Black women. Identifying these barriers, particularly among younger women and Black women, is crucial to ensure equitable healthcare access to all individuals.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Multimorbidity and obesity in older adults from six low- and middle-income countries.
Prevalence of multimorbidity (i.e., ≥2 chronic conditions), chronic diseases, and obesity is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), posing a potential threat to the health of older adults living in these areas. This study hence investigates the unexplored association between obesity and multimorbidity among older adults from LMICs. Cross-sectional, community-based data from the WHO Study on global Ageing and adult health (SAGE) were analysed. ⋯ Significant associations emerged between obesity measures and five out of twelve chronic conditions. Results from this study underline the need to reduce obesity among older adults in areas where its prevalence is increasing, as it is associated with increased odds for multimorbidity. Future longitudinal research in this setting is required to assess the impact of obesity reduction on multimorbidity incidence.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Participation in organized sport and disruptive behavior in childhood: A prospective, population-based study.
Child disruptive behavior refers to ongoing patterns of disorganized, uncooperative, and defiant behavior. Sport involvement promotes positive child development. However, few longitudinal studies have tested the association between organized sport participation and the behavioral components of disruptive behavior. ⋯ No other associations were statistically significant. Inattentive children who participated less in organized sport showed a greater likelihood toward increases in attention deficit by the end of sixth grade. To improve engagement from these children, coaches and trainers should use strategies that support positive experiences such as developing a one-to-one alliance with the child, favoring social cooperation through team spirit, and focusing on the performance experience rather than the outcome of winning or losing.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Exploring how tobacco advertisements are associated with tobacco use susceptibility in tobacco naive adolescents from the PATH study.
Adolescents' susceptibility to pro-tobacco marketing advertisements puts them at risk for initiating and continued use of tobacco. The objective of this study was to quantify the cross-sectional association between tobacco ad exposure and tobacco use susceptibility (e.g., curiosity about tobacco products, willingness, and future intention to try tobacco products) among tobacco-naive adolescents. Data came from Wave 4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study, a nationally-representative sample of US adolescents ages 12-17. ⋯ Among tobacco naïve adolescents (N = 9455), tobacco ads exposure was positively associated with tobacco use susceptibility, compared with the non-exposure group. Seeing cigarettes/other non-ENDS tobacco products only was associated with a 1.64 increase in odds being susceptible to tobacco use; tobacco ads exposure via website and/or social media sites only (cigarette/other non-ENDS tobacco, AOR: 1.87, 95%CI: 1.25-2.81; ENDS, AOR: 2.25, 95%CI: 1.43-3.55) was associated with higher odds of tobacco use susceptibility, compared to the non-exposure group. With rapidly increasing rates of ENDS use in adolescents, it is crucial that advertisements promoting the initiation and continued use of ENDS are strictly regulated, especially among advertisements that are online and on social media sites.
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Preventive medicine · Dec 2021
Life''s Simple 7 and the risk of stroke in Finnish men: A prospective cohort study.
Population-wide preventive measures constitute important approaches towards reducing stroke risk and its associated burden. We sought to examine the association between American Heart Association's (AHA) Life's Simple7 (LS7) score and the risk of stroke in men. ⋯ LS7 was strongly, inversely and linearly associated with risk of total and ischaemic strokes among a middle-aged male Finnish population.