Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2021
E-cigarette susceptibility among U.S. middle and high school students: National Youth Tobacco Survey Data Trend Analysis, 2014-2018.
Youth e-cigarette use has rapidly increased in the last few years. Susceptibility is a validated measure associated with future tobacco use. We examined trends in e-cigarette susceptibility across five years (2014-2018) of the National Youth Tobacco Survey among youth e-cigarette never users. ⋯ This study is the first to document trends in e-cigarette susceptibility among youth. Understanding antecedents of e-cigarette use and identifying youth subgroups vulnerable to e-cigarette use is valuable to developing effective prevention efforts. Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Food and Drug Administration or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2021
Associations between e-cigarette pack size and vaping frequency among U.S. adults.
Little research exists on the association between e-cigarette pack quantity and use. We examined whether using e-cigarettes every day or somedays was associated with purchasing e-cigarettes by the box/pack or as singles. Data are from the 2018-2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey, analyzed in 2020. ⋯ Those who reported purchasing by the box/pack had greater odds of every day e-cigarette use compared to some day use (Adjusted Odds Ratio: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.68). This finding held for both males, females, and all device types. These findings present a first step in determining the relationship between e-cigarette pack size and use behavior.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2021
ReviewCognitions and behaviours of general practitioners in France regarding HPV vaccination: A theory-based systematic review.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is safe and efficacious to prevent persistent HPV infection, precancerous anogenital lesions and cervical cancer. However, in countries where vaccination programmes are implemented outside of schools, such as France, reaching high HPV vaccination coverage of the target population is challenging. Many studies have been performed in France to assess cognitions of general practitioners (GPs) regarding HPV vaccination. ⋯ GPs' injunctive norms, i.e. trust in institutional information, were shown to be associated positively with GPs' willingness to recommend HPV vaccination. Parents' fears, girls' age, and potential connection with sexuality do not seem to affect GPs' recommendations. These results will inform the development of a professional educational intervention targeting GPs in France.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2021
The prospective association between illicit drug use and nonprescription opioid use among vulnerable adolescents.
In recent years, more than half of all drug overdose deaths in United States involved an opioid. To address this epidemic, antecedents to opioid misuse must be identified and empirically validated. The objective of the current investigation was to examine whether illicit drug use was prospectively associated with nonprescription opioid use among adolescents from a vulnerable population with a greater prevalence of substance abuse. ⋯ Multilevel, covariate-adjusted logistic regression models indicated that the odds of experimentation with nonprescription opioids was greater among adolescents who had used illicit drugs or illicit drugs excluding marijuana. Nonmedical marijuana use alone was a statistically significant predictor in unadjusted but not covariate-adjusted models. While prior studies have examined the progression from nicotine, alcohol, and marijuana use to nonprescription opioid use, the present findings emphasize the importance of illicit drug use as a detectable and empirically supported risk factor for future opioid misuse.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2021
The bidirectional association between sleep and physical activity: A 6.9 years longitudinal analysis of 38,601 UK Biobank participants.
Although physical activity and sleep may influence each other, little is known about the bidirectional association of these two behaviors. The present analyses included 38,601 UK Biobank participants (51% female, 55.7 ± 7.6 years old, 6.9 ± 2.2 years of follow-up). Physical activity was categorized by the weekly metabolic equivalent of task minutes (highly active: ≥ 1200; active: 600 to <1200; inactive: < 600), and sleep patterns were determined using a composite score of healthy sleep characteristics: morning chronotype, adequate sleep duration (7-8 h/d), never or rare insomnia, never or rare snoring, and infrequent daytime sleepiness. ⋯ Compared to individuals highly active at both time points, being physically inactive at baseline and reducing physical activity over time were both associated with higher odds for poor sleep at follow-up. In conclusion, sleep improvements over time benefitted physical activity at follow-up, while reduced physical activity had a detrimental effect on sleep patterns at follow-up. Our results provide scope for interventions to concurrently target physical activity and sleep.